A 72-year-old male with past medical history of diastolic congestive heart failure and hypertension presents for routine follow-up. On auscultation for the cardiac physical examination, you note regular rate and rhythm with S4 heart sound. No murmurs, gallops or rubs are appreciated. What does the S4 sound likely represent?

When would induced hypothermia be indicated?

Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?

Which of the following is a systemic sign of a disease?

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for production of an abnormal third heart sound?

Which of the following terms is used to describe the normal breath sounds heard around the sternum on the anterior chest and between the scapulae on the posterior chest?

Which of the following terms describes the area of the chest wall that overlies the heart?

Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?

A patient is being evaluated for surgery. The therapist hears rales in the lung bases and notes prominent swelling of the ankles. She presses a finger into the edema and notices that a depression remains when she lifts her finger away. The depression is clearly visible for slightly more than 1 min. This would be classified as pitting edema:

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of ototoxicity from a medication such as aminoglycosides?