Part A- For EACH of these terms (from the previous question)  clearly state what each is MADE OF, at the specific tissue(s) level, or a clear definition/description if more suitable 5 points Terms/structures:  1. Periosteum2. Articular Cartilag3. Synovial membrane4. Fibrous layer5. Synovial cavity Part B- Which of the above structure(s)/etc. contain blood vessels?  2 points Part C- Which of the above structure(s)/etc. is most directly perturbed/damaged due to osteoarthritis?  2 points        

Which ONE set of terms below best describes the movements involved in:  Swinging the leg outward from the side of the body, and then bringing it back to a standing position (along the frontal plane).

Which of the following types of joints is found between the frontal and parietal bones? 

A motor unit is defined as a skeletal muscle fiber and the motor neurons that innervate it.

What angular movements occur at the hip joints and knee joints as you crouch down to pick up something heavy off of the floor?

In the anatomical position, the hand is pronated.

Specifically explain the way(s) in which a muscle can contribute to the stability and health of a joint.  

A) A motor neuron has just fired an action potential. How does this lead to skeletal muscle contraction? Outline or LIST all of the steps involved in skeletal muscle contraction following activation of a motor neuron.   (Be sure to include enough in your answer such that the muscle has actually gotten shorter).  You do not need to include all of the steps of the cross-bridge cycle in your answer, just get the muscle shorter.  (10 pts)B) Assume that the motor neuron then ceases to fire.  State 3 ways (other than motor neuron no longer firing) that ensure that the signal to the muscle cell is rapidly turned off/stopped.  (3 pts) C) If a person is suffering from Myasthenia gravis, describe how or if the above processes is impacted, being as precise and specific as possible (3 pts) 

You have isolated and identified a potentially novel toxin from a sea snail.  Your data suggest that the toxin may disrupt the interaction between the voltage sensitive t-tubule protein and the sarcoplasmic reticulum channel.  You think that the toxin prevents the SR protein from closing, once opened.   What data might you have seen from your muscle preparation that supports this hypothesis?

Which pathology below correctly matches this description-  Pain in joint comes on suddenly and is very intense.  Typically involves one small joint, in the lower body.  More common in males than females.  Blood work shows elevated uric acid (urate).