When an animal eats fruit with hard seeds that cannot be digested and are excreted whole as a waste product, the seeds constitute _____ energy.

As a rule of thumb, ecologists use _____ as a value for food chain efficiency.

In the SIR model, if rate of recovery of infected individuals is fast then:

When two species have evolved a mutualistic relationship, if one species begins to provide less of a benefit, we predict that the other species will

The following are characteristics of ecotones EXCEPT:

A pioneer species is _____ species to arrive at a site.

Based on your results, what should the conclusion of the study be?

What is a reasonable explanation of the results in the figure?

Energy (J) Terrestrial Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem Net production available in lower trophic level 1,500 1,500 Consumed energy 375 826 Assimilated energy 260 550 Net production energy 84 210 Calculate in joules the Ecological efficiency for the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from the table. Give your answers as % Ecological efficiency terrestrial : [EET] % Ecological efficiency aquatic: [EEA] %

Legumes contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots that increase soil nitrogen for use by other species. This is an example of