Use the following patient vignette to answer questions 25 – 26. A 52-year old man arrives at your office complaining of dyspnea at rest and non-productive cough. He states his cough has gotten worse over the past few months. He has been smoking 1 pack a day for the past 35 years and states he only has an occasional glass of wine at dinner. His family history is significant for pancreatic cancer. He complains that he has had trouble sleeping, has been very tired all the time, and has abnormal muscle cramping. Upon physical examination you observe mild digital clubbing. You order a CT and find extensive honey-combing present at both lung bases. 25. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

8.6 State one way in which the grade 8 learners ensured the reliability of this investigation. (1)

TOTAL QUESTION 1: [5]

10. A 26-year-old man with shortness of breath and wheezing secondary to acute exacerbation of chronic asthma is treated with an inhaler containing albuterol.  Ten minutes after treatment, the patient’s symptoms improve. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for the therapeutic effect of albuterol in this patient?

Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to __________ ATP per glucose, while glycolysis and anaerobic fermentation collectively produce __________.  

9. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.   Right-click on the button below to open the image in a new tab:

1.2 To test for the presence of glucose in a food, which of the following reagents should be used? (1)       A) Biuret   B) Benedict’s reagent   C) Ethanol   D) Iodine  

7.3 State the mass number of the element Sodium. (1)

To have standing to sue, a party must have a sufficient stake in a matter to justify seeking relief through the court system.​

Use the following patient vignette to answer questions 7 – 8. A 65-year-old woman is evaluated for a week-long fever, productive cough with purulent sputum, and increasing dyspnea. She smokes one pack of cigarettes a day. Her medical history includes hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, for which she is treated with simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and aspirin. On physical examination, the patient is in mild respiratory distress. Temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), blood pressure is 145/85 mm Hg, pulse rate is 92/min, and respiration rate is 21/min; BMI is 28.  Oxygen saturation is 92% with the patient breathing ambient air and 95% on oxygen, 2 L/min by nasal cannula. Pulmonary auscultation reveals bilateral expiratory wheezes, and rhonchi. Physical exam reveals no digital clubbing but 1+ ankle edema. Lips are slightly bluish.  Chest radiograph shows increased bronchovascular markings. Laboratory values indicate normal CBC, except an increase in neutrophils and hemoglobin. Arterial blood gases while the patient was breathing ambient air are pH 7.40, PCO2 41 mm Hg, and PO2 53 mm Hg. Spirometry shows an FEV1 of 45% of predicted and an FEV1/FVC ratio of 52%. 8. What is the best management plan for this patient?