What is the unemployment rate if the population is 300 million, labor force is 200 million and 180 million are employed?  

Which of the following is true about nominal GDP? 

  Refer to Figure 1.7. Which of the following set of points all represent inefficient levels of production, ceteris paribus?

Q6: (5 points)Why do we need to use a kernel function in SVM? What does a kernel function try to measure?

Q1: (3 points) Answer True or False only: In RL, the agent learns from labeled data, which we call trajectories, provided during training.

Q2: (4 points)What is the definition of a support vector?

Q4: (8 points) Designing A Machine Learning System.Given user features, item features, and a user-item-rating matrix, if we formulate the problem of recommending personalized items for users as a ranking task, how can we use develop a personalized Learning To Rank (LTR) model for recommendations? Please specify: how you will use the data what is your model structure what is your objective function how to use the learned ranking model to conduct personalized recommendations.

Q6: (4 points)What is the strategy of AdaBoosting for reweighing the training data points?

Q4: (3 points) Answer True or False only: In DQN, the Q value function is instantiated by a neural network.

Q2: (6 points) Assuming we aim to build a more advanced recommendation system for an online bookstore using matrix factorization-based methods, similar to the one that won the Netflix prize. Suppose the global mean rating of books is 3.6 stars. Bob, a loyal customer, has rated 400 books, and his average rating is 0.3 stars higher than the global average rating. Meanwhile, Pride and Prejudice is a book in the bookstore that has 200,000 ratings, with an average rating that is 0.5 stars lower than the global average. What would be a baseline estimate of Bob’s rating for Pride and Prejudice? (2 points) Illustrate how you arrived at your answer. (2 points)