What is the first step in the general mechanism for nucleophilic acyl substitution?

Which one of the following reagents converts a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride as shown below?

What is the product of the following intramolecular aldol condensation reaction?

Predict the product for the following reaction.     

Which one of the following would not be expected to give a significant yield in a Dieckmann condensation?

Predict the product for the following reaction.      

What is(are) the major organic product(s) of the following reaction?

Bonus question Provide an efficient stepwise synthesis for the following.          The answer should be entered as in the following example: (this is an example!) 1. NaNH2   2. CH3CH2Br   3. H2, Lindlar’s Cat.    4. BH3, THF   5. H2O2, NaOH                          (Keep three spaces between each step) All chemicals and reagents  structures should be correct and with the proper sequence. No partial credit.

Give the IUPAC name of the structure that matches the following data: Molecular formula               C8H9NO IR absorption                        3328 and 1639 cm-1 1H NMR                                 2.95 ppm (singlet, 3H), 6.95 ppm (singlet, 1H), and 7.3-7.7 ppm (multiplet, 5H)

Bonus question Identify the compound (C4H8O) that gives the following 1H NMR spectrum.