Use the following information to answer the questions below.Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal “inside out.” The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP.After the disruption, when electron transfer and ATP synthesis still occur, what must be present?

Glycolysis is active when cellular energy levels are _____; the regulatory enzyme, phosphofructokinase, is _____ by ATP.

Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

The light-independent reactions (i.e. The Calvin Cycle) of plants function to make organic molecules using carbon dioxide as a carbon source. What is the electron source that helps reduce carbon dioxide to sugars and other organic molecules?

Signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by _____.

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its _____.

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively, _____.

During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a G of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the G for the new reaction?

Consider the HIV enzyme called protease. The amino acid residues at the active site are highly hydrophobic. In designing a drug that would bind to the active site and jam it, researchers should use a molecule that is _____.