At 0800 a patient on mechanical ventilation has a peak inspiratory pressure of 26 cmH2O and a plateau pressure of 22 cmH2O. At 1000 the same patient has a peak inspiratory pressure of 31 cm H2O and a plateau pressure of 23 cm H2O. What three things might this indicate, and what corrective actions/interventions could you take for each? What additional waveforms might be useful in helping you diagnose which issue this data presents? 

Using what you learned from this semester concerning normal cardiac values and the impacts of PPV on the specific body systems, answer the following questions based on a patient with significant blood loss (hemorrhagic shock/hypovolemia).Explain how positive‑pressure ventilation (PPV) affects hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock, specifically preload, venous return, and cardiac output.Describe two ventilator strategies you would modify to reduce further hemodynamic compromise and explain why each matters.Identify two additional assessment priorities for this patient (besides ventilator parameters).Name at least two non‑ventilator treatments the respiratory therapist should anticipate or support as part of interprofessional management.

Describe the key steps in the “Stop the Bleed” protocol and their importance. Include: (a) when to pack a wound vs. apply a tourniquet; (b) whether multiple tourniquets may be used; (c) what qualifies as life-threatening bleeding; (d) approximate total blood volume in an adult; (e) two supportive actions to mitigate shock. 

Explain the specific steps of MR SOPA. Make sure to include any additional actions practitioners should take between steps.

Oxygen has an atomic number of eight (8), which means it has how many spaces in its valence shell? (thing about water being made by mitochondria)

The ketone (fruity smell) on the patients breath is because the cells are now relying on lipid metabolism. What are the cells doing for ATP?

Which is NOT a pathway of a vesicle for the Golgi apparatus?

The patient is insulin dependent, so without insulin the glucose isn’t getting into the cells. What has stopped within the cells?

Describe how the resting membrane potential is created and established using channels and pumps. Use descriptors for movement of ions, which way they move and how it affects the end voltage.

Which membrane is found in the ventral cavity?