Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their energy requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis?

Spirogyra (a green alga), a moss, a spruce tree, and an apple tree. Table 1 compares several characteristics in the organisms (+ indicates the trait is present, − indicates the trait is absent). Table 1. Comparison of several characteristics in four photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms Green Alga Moss Spruce Tree Apple Tree Cell wall composed of cellulose + + + + Vascular tissue – – + + Roots – – + + Seeds enclosed in fruit – – – + Flagellated sperm cells – + – – Which of the following rows of data listed in table 1 best supports the possibility of a common ancestor for the organisms listed there?

A(n) ______ is the sum of the resources a species uses in its environment.

Figure 1 shows some relevant details of a model of how a deoxynucleotide, in this case dTMP, is added to a growing strand of DNA. A D N A template that consists of nine nucleotides is shown. Five nucleotides have already been added to the complementary strand that is growing from left to right along the template. The left end of the growing strand is labeled 5 prime, and the right end is labeled 3 prime. The left end of the template strand is labeled 3 prime, and the right end is labeled 5 prime. An incoming d T T P has three phosphate groups. Arrows indicate that the two outermost phosphate groups split off as the d T M P with the remaining phosphate group is about to join to the 3 prime end of the growing strand. Figure 1. Model showing details of adding a deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) nucleotide to a growing strand of DNA The features of this model provide evidence for which explanation of why all growing strands are synthesized in a 5′ to 3′ direction?

As depicted in the diagram, honeybees communicate the location of flower patches to members of their hives with waggle dances that give information about the direction and distance to the flowers. Which of the following statements about how honeybees communicate the position of flower patches is most consistent with the model?

The tree starts with a branch, from the bottom left to the top right of the tree. Halfway up the branch, it splits into two medium branches. The left medium branch splits to form two smaller branches labeled, from left to right, One and Two. The right medium branch splits to form two smaller branches labeled, from left to right, Three and Four. Based on morphological characteristics, the phylogenetic tree above has been developed for species I, II, III, and IV. DNA sequencing has recently been completed for a particular gene found in all four species. The sequencing will provide additional information for answering which of the following questions?

In Darwinian terms, the fittest individuals of a species are those that

Predation, herbivory, and parasitism are types of ______ interaction.

The ______ species is the species that has either the most individuals or the most combined biomass. In most species this is some type of producer. The ______ species is a species that plays a particularly important role in keeping the community diverse and healthy.

Rhagoletis pomonella is a parasitic fly native to North America that infests fruit trees. The female fly lays her eggs in the fruit. The larvae hatch and burrow through the developing fruit. The next year, the adult flies emerge. Prior to the European colonization of North America, the major host of Rhagoletis was a native species of hawthorn, Crataegus marshallii. The domestic apple tree, Malus domestica, is not native to North America, but was imported by European settlers in the late 1700s and early 1800s. When apple trees were first imported into North America, there was no evidence that Rhagoletis could use them as hosts. Apples set fruit earlier in the season and develop faster, where hawthorns set later and develop more slowly. Recent analysis of Rhagoletis populations has shown that two distinct populations of flies have evolved from the original ancestral population of flies that were parasitic on hawthorns. One population infests only apple trees, and the other infests only hawthorns. The life cycles of both fly populations are coordinated with those of their host trees. The flies of each population apparently can distinguish and select mates with similar host preferences and reject mates from the population specific to the other host tree. There is very little hybridization (only about 5 percent) between the two groups. Initially, which of the following isolating mechanisms is likely to have been the most important in preventing gene flow between the two populations of Rhagoletis?