According to Aquinas, the following are required in order for a war to be just:

In response to the objection that taxation is not theft because property rights are legal creations of the government, Heumer argues that 

Locke argues that when all human life cannot be preserved, the fundamental law of nature dictates that

Aristotle’s definition of happiness includes the life of virtue.

According to Reiman, the common sense argument in favor of the deterrent effect of capital punishment assumes without evidence or argument that

The traditional theory of just war, according to McMahan, is morally problematic because it holds that

Vicars believes that the moral rules governing war are different from those governing the use of deadly force among private individuals.

Aquinas argues that the end of the universe is  

One important problem with the anti-abortion argument, according to Marquis, is that it assumes

Kant claims that, unlike rational beings which exist for their own sakes, animals