All brain cells and connections that are not used are kept forever to retain potential.

A patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) presents with dyspnea and crackles. Hemodynamic monitoring reveals an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Which of the following findings is most consistent with this condition?

While caring for a patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), who has recently arrived from another hospital, the respiratory therapist notices the waveform on the monitor associated with the pulmonary artery catheter is repeatedly rising and descending from 25 mm Hg to 2 mm Hg.  The waveform shows no dicrotic notch.  The patient appears to be resting comfortably, and blood pressure is 128/88 mm Hg.  The therapist should:

Based off your results from question 14, what is the underlying disease process?

A patient develops anaphylactic shock after a bee sting. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism response for the patient’s hypotension?

Label structure number 1 in the diagraph below.

A patient with severe heart failure develops cardiogenic shock. Which of the follow pathophysiologic changes is most likely occurring?

A patient with a pulmonary artery catheter in place has the following hemodynamic values before and after infusion of 500 mL IV normal saline:   Before After BP 100/70 mm Hg 105/72 mm Hg CVP 10 mm Hg 15 mm Hg PCWP 13 mm Hg 19 mm Hg C.I. 2.00 L/min/m2 2.05 L/min/m2 Faint crackles are heard in the lung bases with no change in urine output. The most appropriate action is to:

You are reviewing chest radiographs of your patients in the ICU and note recent development of pulmonary edema infiltrates on one patient. Which of the following distinguishes whether it’s CHF or ARDS?

Label structure number 4 in the diagraph below.