Mark is a 5-year-old boy who loves milk. He drinks skim milk all day long. He also loves yogurt and cheese while excluding meat, fish, poultry, and legumes. For which type of deficiency is Mark at risk?

Vignette #2 Bob is committed to losing weight but knows little about nutrition. He has heard his friends discussing types of fat, such as saturated and unsaturated. He has no idea what the terms mean or how they relate to his health and diet. He also has read that the most important improvement a person can make in his or her diet is to eat less cholesterol. Let’s answer these questions and help Bob understand this topic better. Bob wants to lower his blood cholesterol. What piece of advice should he ignore?

What is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for a vegan?

Nicole is reading a food label on a bag of broccoli and sees “high in vitamin C.” What does this mean?

Vignette Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can reduce her risks. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans several useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let’s see if you agree with her new found information. Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which dish is a good source of a cruciferous vegetable?

Amino acids cannot be altered or used in the liver to form ____.

Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians?

________ is a noncaloric artificial fat made from fatty acids and sucrose.

________ is the vitamin that is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

Vignette #1 Carly is an overweight 21-year-old who is committed to good health after taking a nutrition course. She realizes that being a savvy shopper is part of the process and decides to learn how to look more critically at food labels. She picks up two different boxes of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal and sees the food labels shown in Figure 1. Help Carly evaluate these two breakfast cereals. ​ Carly wants to stay healthy and decides to purchase the cereal that may help prevent heart disease and cancer. Which cereal would she buy and why?