Scale and sediment cause pitting of boiler metal surfaces.

A surge tank generally includes an automatic water makeup system with a float chamber that is located at the minimum water level.

A ___ is a device that sends a signal to a controller, such as a programmable logic controller or other digital controller.

In almost all heating applications, the control valve of a heat exchanger should have a fail-closed action so that the process does not overheat if the valve fails.

Heat always flows from a material having a lower temperature to a material having a higher temperature.

A(n) ___ is a boiler condition that occurs when the flame in a boiler furnace has been unintentionally lost.

Heat always flows from a material having a lower temperature to a material having a higher temperature.

Condensate may be directed to a condensate return tank or wasted to prevent boiler water contamination.

Steam from a boiler is directed by the main steam line through the main steam stop valve and enters the steam header.

Air pollution regulations are enacted at the federal level and/or at the state and local level.