A child is placed on a simple oxygen mask at 3 L/min. What is the best action?

A neonate with suspected respiratory infection has a chest X-ray showing low lung volumes and diffuse hazy opacities similar to RDS. Which of the following findings would MOST help differentiate pneumonia from RDS?

A neonate on conventional mechanical ventilation has ABG results: pH=7.05, PaCO2=85 mm Hg, PaO2=60 mm Hg on FIO2=0.60. The ventilator is set to a low tidal volume strategy. What is the most appropriate ventilator adjustment?

Which equipment planning decision is most appropriate when preparing medical gas for neonatal transport?

A 4-year-old with severe pneumonia is intubated. The initial ABG shows pH=7.31, PaCO2=50 mm Hg, PaO2=48 mm Hg on FIO2=0.60. Chest radiograph reveals bilateral alveolar infiltrates. Which ventilator change is the best first step to improve oxygenation?  

A neonate on iNO develops rising methemoglobin levels. What is the most appropriate immediate intervention?

Which is the most appropriate indication for starting heated, humidified high‑flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in a neonate?

A 34‑week infant with pneumonia is on nasal CPAP 5 cm H₂O, FiO₂ 0.55. ABG: pH 7.31, PaCO₂ 52 mm Hg, PaO₂ 46 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 25 mEq/L. Work of breathing is moderate. Which ventilatory adjustment is the best next step?

A 26-week neonate with severe RDS is failing CMV despite optimal lung-protective settings: FiO2 0.80, mean airway pressure high, persistent hypoxemia, and evidence of air leak. The team considers switching to high-frequency ventilation. What is the primary advantage of high-frequency ventilation in this scenario?

A respiratory therapist is preparing to perform a heel stick on a neonate. Which of the following pain control measures should be administered 2 minutes before the procedure?