Hebbian plasticity is:

VGLUT1 puncta within microglial soma did not differ between groups in either the CA1 or CA3 SR. The authors note this is consistent with findings from Bellesi et al. (2017) and use it to propose a temporal hypothesis. What is that hypothesis?

Which property of the neuronal cell membrane is responsible for the neuron’s ability to generate electrical signals?

Kox et al. (2026) used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in addition to light and confocal microscopy. Why is the use of multiple imaging modalities at different resolutions a methodological strength in this study?

ASD is characterized by increased spine density in all brain regions.

Monozygotic twins share virtually all of their DNA, yet ASD concordance in MZ twins is only ~60-90%. What does this discordance most strongly suggest?

What does the connectivity paradox in ASD describe?

CHD8 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in ASD. What type of protein does it encode, and why does its loss have such broad effects?

Which of the following best explains why the misinformation effect occurs at the molecular level?

Kox et al. (2026) compared two sleep deprivation (SD) paradigms: gentle handling and novelty exposure. What was the key rationale for comparing these two methods specifically?