A nurse is recovering a client in the post anesthesia care unit after an open surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The client is awake and follows commands. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?

A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury due to a prerenal cause. Which condition is most likely causing the acute kidney injury?  

A client is scheduled for a Complete Blood Count (CBC) two weeks status post right sided mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The nurse is providing instructions for the lab collection of blood.  Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the education and precautions?    

The nurse is preparing epoetin alfa(Epogen) 10,000 Units subcutaneously for a client with chronic kidney disease. The new graduate nurse asks why the patient requires this medication. The nurse explains there are several complications associated with renal disease and the erythropoetin (Epogen) will treat which complication?    

A client presents to the emergency department status post animal bite from a cat X 1 day. The nurse observes the area is warm, swollen, red and painful. After assessing the wound, the nurse inquires as to the status of the animal and the client states the animal was walking on street and does not know owner or health status of cat. The nurse should implement which priority intervention?   

The nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis three times weekly. The client  had surgery to form an arteriovenous fistula. What action should the nurse avoid to protect the arteriovenous fistula?   

A client is being discharged from the hospital following treatment with anticoagulants for a deep vein thrombosis. The client receives a prescription for apixiban (Eliquis). What statement by the client indicates correct understanding? 

3.1 With reference to intraosseous traumatic neuroma of the mandible involving the mental nerve, answer the following questions:                                                                                                                                                                a) Explain the pathogenesis of this lesion. (4)b) Describe two (2) radiological features that may be associated with this lesion. (2)c) State three (3) clinical features that may support the diagnosis. (3)d) What is the treatment of choice for a symptomatic intraosseous traumatic neuroma of the mandible? (1)

10.1. A 68-year-old woman presents with a slowly enlarging, painless, broad-based, warty lesion involving the buccal mucosa and alveolar ridge. The lesion has been present for approximately 18 months. She has a long history of regular snuff use. There is no cervical lymphadenopathy.a) What is the most likely diagnosis?                                                                                                   (1)b) State two (2) clinical features in this case that support your diagnosis.                                   (2)c) What would you expect regarding the progression and spread of this lesion?                       (2)10.2. Briefly discuss the molecular pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting key genetic and molecular alterations involved in tumour initiation and progression.                                                                                                                                                   (5)

7.1. Compare cementoblastoma and focal cemento-osseous dysplasia with reference to their pathological nature, radiographic features and management. (3)7.2. Write short notes on Adenomatoid Odontogenic tumour under the following headings:a) Demographic profile (1)b) Clinical presentation (1)c) Radiological features and two differential diagnosis (3)d) Molecular profile (2)