A patient presents with decreased push off during gait, hypoflexia of the Achilles deep tendon reflex, and decreased sensation to light touch over the plantar aspect of their heel. Based upon these findings, what disc lesion would be MOST PROBABLE?

EXTRA CREDIT: The nation’s first hospital is in this city, and is still operational today:

All of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis EXCEPT:

A 35-year-old male with progressively worsening lower back pain and stiffness brings a copy of their radiograph to his physical therapist. What condition does his radiograph raise suspicion for?

A 25-year-old physical therapist presents with diffuse lower back and buttock pain. Their pain is 4/10, worsens when writing notes while standing in the clinic, and is relieved with moving around and treating patients. The patient has no significant past medical history, but notes that their symptoms have been occurring episodically over the past 5 years. Lumbar active range of motion is full in all directions, but the patient has pain at mid-range with all movements that worsens at end-range. Passive accessory intervertebral motion testing reveals: hypermobility and reproduction of concordant pain at L4/L5 and L5/S1. What approach would be BEST to manage this patient’s condition?

A patient presents with pain that radiates from their mid-back and wraps around the right side of their torso. Their pain worsens with trunk rotation and during deep inspiration. The patient denies pain or paresthesias in their upper extremities. Cervical range of motion is full & pain-free, and repeated cervical motions have no effect on the patient’s symptoms. What intervention would be MOST APPROPRIATE based on the information provided?

Which of the following interventions would be MOST APPROPRIATE in a patient that underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion 8 weeks ago?

A patient presents with 8/10 pain in their left upper trapezius that radiates to their forearm. Their pain began 6 days ago when lifting weights at the gym. Pain worsens with looking down, reaching overhead, and prolonged sitting. Repeated motion testing reveals the following: sitting protrusion decreases left upper trapezius pain and produces left hand pain; sitting retraction increases left upper trapezius pain and abolishes forearm and hand pain. Based on this information, what is the MOST LIKELY provisional classification according to the Mechanical Diagnosis & Therapy (MDT) system?

A patient presents with a 2-week history of left-sided neck pain & numbness that radiates to their left elbow. The therapist performs a Spurling’s Test with the patient’s neck positioned in left lateral flexion. The patient reports pain in the left side of their neck but not in their upper extremity. How should this finding be interpreted?

Which patient reported outcome measure asks patients to identify 3 meaningful functional tasks and rate them from 0 (inability to perform) to 10 (able to complete at pre-morbid level)?