a two dimensional object is called this

hatching is a series of lines, close to and parallel to each other

A formal analysis of a work of art examines the visual components or elements of art such as color, texture, perspective, and the like.

a highlight is the darkness point on an object

Italian Renaissance architect who used the camera obscura to further develop ideas about using perspective 

Art is a visual language.

the amount of space occupied  by an object

in the system of perspective, the lines that all meet at this:

the lightness or darkness of a plane or area

means symbolism, or writing with images, and the meaning or interpretation of a work of art