Why did Pope Gregory VII fight against Emperor Henry IV?

Why did many pious laypeople begin to take pilgrimages to monasteries and distant churches after the 10th century?

All of these High Middle Age cities specialized in manufactures EXCEPT

Long-distance trade was a relatively simple and safe endeavor by the High Middle Ages.

In the eleventh century, all knights came from noble families.

What was the sin of “simony”?

By the High Middle Ages, many of the parish churches that remained in Europe were under the control of

The Fourth Crusade ended up attacking

Which Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?

The highly commercialized economies of _________________ and Catalunya, serfdom lasted longer than anywhere else in Europe.