In the eleventh century, all knights came from noble families.

What was the sin of “simony”?

By the High Middle Ages, many of the parish churches that remained in Europe were under the control of

The Fourth Crusade ended up attacking

Which Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?

The highly commercialized economies of _________________ and Catalunya, serfdom lasted longer than anywhere else in Europe.

What was French king Louis VI’s nickname?

The system of government in which minting coins, justice, taxation, and defense were all handled by private lords was called

The Cluny monastic reform was put under the direct protection of

Trade between the West and the Muslim world continued like normal in spite of the violent interruptions of the Crusades.