Wilson and Herrnstein, argued that personal traits, such as genetic makeup, intelligence, and body build, operate in tandem with social variables that include poverty and family function.

The distinction between whether crime is classified as a felony or misdemeanor is based upon the age of the individual committing the crime.

According to this type of critical theory, the poor may or may not commit more crimes than the rich, but the poor are certainly arrested and punished more often

The “father of criminology” and the man who referred to offenders as “born criminals” was

According to power-control theory, which type of family produces daugheter whose law-violating behavior mirrors that of their brothers?

A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed and applied, depending on the offenders.

Social process theories share one basic concept.  Which is it?

In the 1930s, Harry Anslinger, then head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, launched a successful effort to criminalize marijuana, which had been legal until that time. Which concept of crime does Anslinger’s moral crusade reflect?​

Caesar Beccaria, in the 1700s, was one of the first scholars to develop a systematic understanding of why people commit crime. Beccaria helped to form the core of what today is referred to as ______________ criminology.​

Social control theory suggests that people learn techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers.