In an RNA purification, 

Taq polymerase makes a mistake every 1 in 9000 bp copied. If you use Taq to amplify a 1000 bp template, 

All of the following can introduce mutations into a PCR product EXCEPT

Linear DNA migrates through an agarose gel

DNA polymerases have ______ downstream exonuclease activity for primer removal, and ______ proofreading exonuclease activity.

Patient-specific chemotherapy, such as aggressive or non-aggressive treatment, can be best decided by

You use Sanger sequencing on your DNA, and find two different overlapping peaks at a specific position (e.g. on chromosome 1), but the peaks around it are identical to one another. This indicates that

An individual is heterozygous for a β-globin mutation. What would appear in a Sanger sequencing results at this position?

In anchored PCR, 

You are working with a vector that has both an ampicillin and kanamycin resistance gene. If you insert your gene into the kanamycin gene, the colonies will