A 33-year-old postpartum patient develops unilateral leg swelling after prolonged bed rest. Ultrasound confirms a proximal DVT. Which pathophysiologic contributor most directly promoted clot formation in this scenario?

A 62-year-old on a diuretic develops palpitations. ECG shows polymorphic VT with “twisting” QRS complexes around the baseline. Which abnormality most strongly predisposed to this rhythm?

 A 67-year-old with chronic kidney disease reports fatigue and dyspnea on exertion. CBC shows normocytic anemia with low reticulocyte count. Iron studies are normal. Which mechanism best explains the anemia?

A patient with myelofibrosis develops progressive abdominal fullness and early satiety. Exam shows marked splenomegaly. Which pathophysiologic process best explains the enlarged spleen?

A 34-year-old with lymphoma has fevers, drenching night sweats, and unintentional weight loss. These systemic findings are best explained by:

A patient develops diffuse hives, wheezing, and hypotension within minutes of peanut exposure. Which mediator most directly causes the rapid endothelial cell retraction that produces angioedema?

Plants have specialized cells to move water, nutrients, and sugars from one part of the plant to another. The ________ transports water and mineral nutrients, whereas the ________ transports sugars. 

In the life cycle of a non-flowering, non-seed plant (ferns), the process of meiosis produces: 

Cindy is a 50 year old delivery driver. She is referred to physical therapy for LBP and sciatica. She reports PMH of multiple injuries to the low back from lifting at work, DM II, HTN and history of DVT in the right leg. She currently reports pain 7/10 starting at L4-5 and radiating down the back of her right leg to mid-calf. Which of the following is most appropriate regarding treatment interventions?

Once a pain nerve is stimulated, which of the following locations does the signal travel first?