Gram negative bacteria are known to produce endotoxins; what is the toxin that Salmonella produces as its virulence factor causing gastroenteritis?

The story of ‘Typhoid Mary’ shows how food handlers could be asymptomatic carriers of which bacteria?

3 members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are considered Primary pathogens and are not commonly found in the Gastrointestinal tract normal flora. Which one is not a primary pathogen?

A one-month-old patient is suspected of having bacterial meningitis.  The CSF gram stain shows large gram-negative bacilli.  The CSF was plated on BAP, CHOC & CNA/MAC bi-plate and THIO.  At 24 hours these are results: BAP = large, grey-white, beta-hemolytic colonies, CHOC = large grey, white colonies, no growth on CNA, growth of LF on MAC. Oxidase was negative.  What is a likely identification?

A patient admitted with the diagnosis of possible myocardial infarction complains of pain and tingling in his left arm says, “How in the world could I be having a heart attack when it’s just my arm that is giving me trouble?” The nurse explains that the patient is experiencing:

A patient is taking hydromorphone for post-operative pain is experirncing constipation.  What shoukd the nurse include with teaching?

Two patients are hospitalized with the same diagnosis, but one is 23 years old, with acute recent pain from an injury, and the other is 64 years old, with pain of long-standing duration of several years. The difference in anticipated assessment is which of the following?

A patient who is scheduled for a breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which of the following staatement would be incorrect?

The nurse is alert for sympathetic responses to pain, such as:

A nurse uses the PAINAD to assess pain in a nonverbal client with advanced dementia. The client scores a zero. What action by the nurse is best?