​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.The loss of arctic ice is accelerating as a result of a form of positive feedback. As arctic ice melts, the arctic icecap reflects fewer rays from the sun. When this happens, more rays are absorbed by the surrounding ocean, which increases its temperature. As the temperature of the ocean rises, more arctic ice melts.

Proposition 1AGiven the following proposition: [A  ⊃  ∼ (B  •  Y)]  ≡  ∼[B  ⊃  (X  •  ∼ A)]In Proposition 1A, the main operator is a:

True or False: The word “because” always indicates a premise.

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the “right rule” whatever the situation. David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice

​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.Incandescent light bulbs eventually burn out because the high temperature of the filament causes tungsten atoms to fly off and collect on the inside of the bulb’s glass. This loss of tungsten is slowed, but not prevented, by introducing argon inside the bulb’s envelope. As more and more atoms are lost, the filament disintegrates. When this happens, no electricity flows through the filament, and the bulb produces no light.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.Some preachers are evangelists, so some preachers are TV personalities, since some evangelists are TV personalities.

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct translation for each statement. JetBlue buys planes unless neither Frontier improves service nor United lowers fares.

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct translation for each problem. If Fordham expands course offerings, then if Georgetown increases its endowment, then both Duke raises tuition and Tulane reduces class size.

INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following pairs of statements, and then B) state whether the statements are logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent, or inconsistent. Be sure to identify the main operator of each statement and show all of your work. ∼ (S  ⊃  Q)    and    ∼ Q  •  SYou may copy the first line of a table for these statements (with a slash separating each statement) from here: ~ (S ⊃ Q) / ~ Q • S

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants. Sierra Club, “Global Warming Solutions”