If outgoing data from a server is encrypted at the transport layer, and an eavesdropper sniffs the traffic at the physical layer, the eavesdropper will see data and headers from the ________ layer as ciphertext.

Which property of a secure hash function is easiest to achieve (that is, hardest to break?)

The totient of a number n is the number of integers less than n that have a ________ of 1 with n.

In a public-key encryption scheme, the secret key is shared only between the two parties who wish to communicate.

The number 65 is a product of two primes, 5 and 13. The totient of 65 is _____.

Gender role refers to our 

Informational conformity is the change in opinions or behavior that occurs when we conform to people whom we believe have accurate information

Not having any sexual attraction toward others is known as 

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units is known as 

The process of getting information out of memory storage is known as