What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Minnesota, when accounting for both pregnancy related and pregnancy associated causes of death? 

Which species in the group is the strongest base? Table: Select the strongest base (Part 2) A B C

A nurse is present at the birth of a newborn at 38 weeks gestation with clear amniotic fluid. At birth, the baby is limp so the cord is cut immediately and the infant is moved to a preheated resuscitation warmer.  Despite stimulation, the infant has no respiratory effort, a heart rate of 70 beats/minute. The NICU team is on their way.  The nurse dries the baby and positions the airway.  Which action should the nurse take next? 

Which method of anesthesia is not adequate for pain control during Cesarean birth?

Rank the carbon atoms in order of increasing effective electronegativity for the compound below. Click to Show Image Description The structure shows a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds. A C≡C group extends from the left side of the ring, and a C≡N group extends from the right side. Arrow I points to the left C≡C group, arrow II points to the lower-left carbon region of the ring, and arrow III points to the upper-right carbon region of the ring.  

In the video lectures for this class we discussed that the atomic electron configuration for ground state carbon (shown below) would not account for making four covalent bonds as in methane, CH4.  However, you can experimentally add energy to a carbon atom and pump the electrons to an excited state (shown below) with four unpaired electrons to make four covalent bonds.  Would such an atom offer a satisfactory model for the carbon in CH4?  If not, why not?    Click to Show Image Description The graphic shows two side-by-side orbital diagrams. In the ground-state carbon diagram, the 2s orbital has paired up and down arrows, the 2pₓ and 2pᵧ orbitals each have one upward arrow, and the 2pz orbital is empty. In the excited-state carbon diagram, the 2s orbital has one upward arrow, and the 2pₓ, 2pᵧ, and 2pz orbitals each have one upward arrow.

This question has four parts, A – D. Indicate where the following pharmaceuticals would be found physiologically: the blood (aqueous), tissues (less aqueous), or in lipids (least aqueous, hydrophobic).     Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows three fused rings across the top, with two outer six-membered rings containing alternating double bonds and a larger central ring. A three-carbon chain extends downward from the central ring and ends at an N atom. The N atom is bonded to two one-carbon groups. [AnswerA] Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows a central six-carbon benzene ring with four substituents. The upper-left substituent is a C(=O)OH group. The lower-left substituent is a sulfur-containing group shown as S bonded to two O atoms and an H₂N group. Cl is bonded to the lower-right side of the benzene ring. An HN group is bonded to the upper-right side of the ring and connects through CH₂ to a five-membered ring containing one O atom and two double bonds. [AnswerB] Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows a fused ring system on the left connected through a sulfur-containing linker to a six-membered ring on the right. The left fused system includes a six-carbon ring bonded to a five-membered ring containing two N atoms, one shown as N-H. A methoxy group extends from the left side of the fused ring. The sulfur linker is bonded to O with a double bond and connects to the right-hand ring through a one-carbon chain. The right-hand ring contains one N atom, two double bonds, two one-carbon branches, and one methoxy group. [AnswerC] Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows a fused two-ring system on the left, with an upper benzene ring fused to a lower six-membered ring. An HN group bonded to CH₃ extends from the left side of the lower ring on a dashed wedge bond. A solid wedge bond extends from the right side of the lower ring to a benzene ring on the right. The right benzene ring has two Cl substituents, one extending to the right and one extending downward. [AnswerD]   The compounds shown above (and the same are provided below) include: an antidepressant (must cross blood-brain barrier), a compound to release fluid buildup in kidneys, a muscle relaxant, and a stomach acid inhibitor (PPI).   Which one is which?   Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows three fused rings across the top, with two outer six-membered rings containing alternating double bonds and a larger central ring. A three-carbon chain extends downward from the central ring and ends at an N atom. The N atom is bonded to two one-carbon groups. [Pt2AnswerA] Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows a central six-carbon benzene ring with four substituents. The upper-left substituent is a C(=O)OH group. The lower-left substituent is a sulfur-containing group shown as S bonded to two O atoms and an H₂N group. Cl is bonded to the lower-right side of the benzene ring. An HN group is bonded to the upper-right side of the ring and connects through CH₂ to a five-membered ring containing one O atom and two double bonds. [Pt2AnswerB] Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows a fused ring system on the left connected through a sulfur-containing linker to a six-membered ring on the right. The left fused system includes a six-carbon ring bonded to a five-membered ring containing two N atoms, one shown as N-H. A methoxy group extends from the left side of the fused ring. The sulfur linker is bonded to O with a double bond and connects to the right-hand ring through a one-carbon chain. The right-hand ring contains one N atom, two double bonds, two one-carbon branches, and one methoxy group. [Pt2AnswerC] Click to Show Image Description The skeletal chemical structure shows a fused two-ring system on the left, with an upper benzene ring fused to a lower six-membered ring. An HN group bonded to CH₃ extends from the left side of the lower ring on a dashed wedge bond. A solid wedge bond extends from the right side of the lower ring to a benzene ring on the right. The right benzene ring has two Cl substituents, one extending to the right and one extending downward. [Pt2AnswerD]

Designing an Experiment You want to test whether screen time before bed affects sleep quality. Which design is best?  

Please use this information to answer the following question. The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type. Create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull-or brightly colored) on the x-axis. On the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen by females. Using this graph, answer the following questions. Do the data support the conclusion that female collared lizards prefer more brightly colored male lizards over dull-colored males?  

The final exam will be administered in-person on Wednesday, July 29, 2026, at 12 p.m. Please bring a valid photo ID.