During translation, three sites in the ribosome are formed that house tRNA molecules in different stages of the translation process. During the elongation stage, after several amino acids have been incorporated, the E site contains [answer1], the P site contains [answer2] and the A site is the location for [answer3]. 

True/False regarding bacterial transcription. All of the promoter sequences are the same for the genes transcribed by any one RNA polymerase – sigma factor combination.

True/False. One way for a mutation to happen is if RNA polymerase makes a mistake during the transcription process.

True/False. One way in which mutations occur is when a mistake happens during the  translation process and an incorrect amino acid is added to a polypeptide at a certain position.

The evolution of the new E. coli pathogen, EAHEC, likely involved which of these types of horizontal gene transfer? Choose all that are correct.

One example of post-transcriptional regulation is the riboswitch method. This is when the mRNA is rapidly degraded when a certain protein binds to it.

True/False. One example of post-transcriptional regulation is the riboswitch method. This is when the binding of a small molecule affects mRNA structure.  

You are studying a new operon in a bacterial species.  The rha operon codes for genes needed for the use of rhamnose as a carbon and energy source. The rha operon is subject to both positive and negative regulation at the level of transcription initiation. A repressor protein called RhaA binds the rha operator and prevents transcription. When rhamnose is present, the RhaA protein no longer does this. So, when rhamnose is absent you would expect that transcription would be [blank1] and when rhamnose is present you would expect that transcription would be [blank2].

True/False. Another type of post-transcriptional regulation is antisense RNA. In this case, the antisense RNA binds to the tRNA to exert its regulatory effect.

You are studying a new operon in a bacterial species.  The rib operon codes for genes needed for the use of ribitol as a carbon and energy source. The rib operon is subject to both positive and negative transcriptional regulation, at the level of initiation. An activator protein called RibG binds the rib operator and promotes transcription when ribitol is available. When ribitol is not present, the RibG protein no longer does this. So, when ribitol is present you would expect that transcription would be [blank1] and when ribitol is absent you would expect that transcription would be [blank2].