The fellow researcher is also worried that there may be reverse causation in the study proposed by the team of researchers in case 2. Explain in the context of case 2 what reverse causality means (max. 5 points). 

The researchers in case 1 concluded that the prevalence difference of 0.004 is not clinically relevant. What is the reason that the researchers concluded that the effect estimate is not clinically relevant? (max. 4 points) 

You may not use any additional resources or technology on the exam. Cases of academic dishonesty will result in automatic zeros and deductions for exam condition violations will follow the chart in your syllabus.

Given an initial population (No) of [N] , an intrinsic rate of growth (r) of [r], and a carrying capacity (K) of [K]; what is the population after 1 year of growth?   Round all resultants at the end of a year to a whole animal!   Helpful formulas might include: Nt+1 = Nt + dN/dt dN/dt = rN      or     dN/dt = rN {(K-N) / K}

How did the Daughters of Liberty resist British policies?

How did Atlantic distance influence colonial political expectations?

Why did colonists criticize the Admiralty Courts?

What did the Sugar Act of 1764 do?

Which order correctly describes colonial urban society from lowest to highest?

What did the Proclamation of 1763 attempt to regulate?