Which of the following biopolymers can naturally fold and form 3D structures that can perform catalysis (i.e. act as enzymes)?

Given that introns do not have to contain valid codons in any reading frame, what is the most likely consequence of not splicing introns out of a mRNA?

Which type of cell was responsible for the great oxygenation event?

Which of the following steps are needed to assess whether a new cytotoxic medication is a hazardous drug?

Nitrofurantoin is metabolized in bacterial cells to produce a few different products (see below). Which is the best electrophile?

Which of the following enzymes are used in both base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair?

Which antibiotic is it possible for bacteria to become resistant to by completely losing a target protein or activating enzyme?

Draining an infected abscess removes many bacteria. Assume that resistant and susceptible bacteria are removed in the same proportions, and that the remaining bacteria experience the same antibiotic concentration and treatment duration. Which factor promoting the spread of resistance is directly reduced by drainage?

Based on their mechanism of action, which class of anticancer drugs would you expect to inhibit the cell cycle at the end of S phase, specifically?

A long-term scientific study took biopsies from a group of volunteers at multiple points in their life (the same tissue each time). The aim of the study was to examine the frequency of specific mutations across time. Which type of mutation would you expect to increase in frequency as individuals got older? Note: Here we are talking about the number of cells has a specific mutation, not the number of mutations in each type.