Writing in Mesopotamia was first developed primarily to record literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh.

Select ONE of the following questions and provide an answer supported by evidence in roughly 250 words. 1. What do the poetry of Homer and Hesiod, and/or the plays of Classical Athens, reveal about the cultures that produced them? 2. Discuss writing: its emergence, functions and evolution in several civilizations in the ancient world before Rome. 3. How did ethical monotheism emerge among the Hebrews, and ethical dualism in Persia? What pressures facing Israel influenced the prophets? How did Zoroaster reject earlier religious practices? 4. For most of our existence as a species, human beings only hunted and gathered. How did the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry contribute to civilization’s successes… and new problems? 5. The rise of the Bronze Age saw much innovation: what kinds, why? Its end saw, in some places, collapse. How… and why? 6. Compare and contrast Egypt and Mesopotamia: politics, religion, and culture. 7. What does the Epic of Gilgamesh reveal about Mesopotamian beliefs, values and society? 8. Compare and contrast the roles of women in the ancient world across at least three societies. 9. Compare Athens and Sparta: their societies, political systems, and ways of life. 10. Describe the process whereby Athens left behind rule by aristocrats, to embrace rule by citizens. Discuss Athens’ political institutions under democracy. 12. Trace in some detail the evolution of artistic forms from the Paleolithic to the Hellenistic. 13. Trace the evolution of philosophy in the Greek world, from the pre-Socratics to the Hellenistic era. A successful answer should address at least three different philosophical perspectives or approaches.

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A 5-year-old child is scheduled for surgery and is visibly anxious about the upcoming procedure. How can a Child Life Specialist assist in reducing the child’s anxiety?

A 4-year-old girl is brought to the Emergency Department by her parents after the sudden onset of breathing difficulty. The parents report that she was well earlier in the day, but now appears increasingly distressed. On assessment, the nurse notes that the child is agitated, has a high-pitched, frog-like croaking sound on inspiration, and is drooling. She refuses to lie down and insists on sitting upright while leaning forward. The child becomes more anxious when approached for assessment.Based on the child’s presentation, which nursing action is the priority?

The nurse in a pediatric oncology unit is assessing several children receiving chemotherapy. Which findings should the nurse recognize as potential oncologic emergencies that require immediate intervention? Select all that apply

You are caring for an 8-year-old child with a chronic illness who has difficulty coping with frequent hospitalizations. How could involving a Child Life Specialist benefit this patient?

Maggie, 4 years old, was given an IM injection of ceftriaxone for a right middle lobe pneumonia. She is crying steadily, and won’t let her mother near her to comfort her. Her mother states, “See – now she is angry at me because I let you give her a shot! She is going to hate me forever.” Because the nurse knows about post-procedural support, her best response to Maggie’s mother is: 

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-baby checkup. The mother is concerned that her baby has not started crawling yet. What is the most appropriate response?

 A nurse is caring for an infant admitted with poor oral intake. A nasogastric (NG) tube was placed for nutrition and medication administration. The infant is currently receiving intermittent bolus feedings via the NG tube. The nurse notes that the infant had a large emesis since their last bolus feeding. During the next routine feeding, the infant begins to cough and gag. What is the nurse’s priority action?