Foundational Knowledge: The FBI primarily investigates:

Application: A state passes a new law making a certain act a felony and then tries to punish someone for committing that act before the law was passed. Which constitutional limit is most directly involved?

Foundational Knowledge: A bill of attainder is a law that:

Foundational Knowledge: Neurocriminology studies the relationship between crime and:

Application: An officer observes a person repeatedly checking car doors late at night and briefly detains the person to investigate. What legal standard is required?

Foundational Knowledge: The hue and cry required community members to:

Application: A package is stolen from a porch when no one is home, the package is visible from the street, and there are no cameras or neighbors watching. Which theory best explains the opportunity for this crime?

Application: A fifteen-year-old repeatedly skips school. The same conduct would not be a crime if committed by an adult. Which classification best describes this behavior?

Foundational Knowledge: An integrated approach to criminology attempts to:

Application: A city reduces thefts in a park by adding lighting, trimming overgrown bushes, improving sightlines, and increasing natural surveillance. Which crime science strategy is being used?