When an action potential propagates down a neuron, the charge across the membrane (membrane potential) increases. This causes the opening of voltage gated Na+ ion channels. When voltage gated Na+ion channels open, Na+ ions are allowed to rush into the cell. This causes the charge across the membrane to increase due to an increase in positive ions in the cell. A larger membrane potential causes more voltage-gated Na+ ion channels to open. This increases the rate at which Na+ ions enter the cell. This further increases the membrane potential, causing even more Na+ ion channels to open, causing more Na+ ions to enter the cell. This is an example of

The outer layer of an articular capsule is the

What hormone is released from the control center when the control center receives cAMP input; also important in increasing blood calcium serum levels

Endocrine glands are composed of this tissue, while exocrine glands are composed of this tissue.

In what region of the bone would yellow bone marrow be located? Choose the best answer

Action of which cell would decrease blood Ca++ by making additional bone matrix

Known as the king’s disease, rich foods, high in purines, such as cheeses, meats, and processed food, can lead to urate crystals being deposited in joints. This is

[1] covers and protects surfaces inside and outside of the body.  [2] help secure most of the epidermal cells together through intermediate filaments, while [3] allow communication among the epidermal cells. This tissue will have a basal surface that is attached to the basement membrane by [4]

In proper anatomical position, the radius (aligned with the thumb) is what compared with the ulna (aligned with the pinky).

You must answer 1 question (you choose) (5 points). In your answer, please state which question you are answering (copy and paste the question if possible). Take your time to answer the question. Make sure you read all parts to ensure you do not lose points. Use the test to guide you.  Describe how action potentials are generated and propagated along myelinated neurons. As you explain, include these terms – ligand, voltage gates, calcium, sodium, potassium ions, graded potential, threshold, summation, hillock, end bulbs, depolarization, hyperpolarization and repolarization. A 30-year-old female has had several neurological episodes, each separated by several months, in which she experiences brief periods of physical weakness, clumsiness of the legs and hands, visual disturbances, and mood swings.  She was experiencing depression, irritability, apathy, or anger more often. She felt her mental ability was declining.  She also described uncontrolled movements of her hands, feet, face, and trunk. Recently she had begun to experience short periods of akinesia, or loss of movement.  CT scans show evidence of multiple lesions in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. During her last episode, there were increasing neurological deficits due to an increasing number of disseminated lesions.A) Describe how nerve impulses are transmitted from neuron to neuron (neuronal communication at a synapse). (3pts)B) What is myelin? What is its function? (1pt)C) How are nerve cells covered with myelin in the CNS? In the PNS? (1pt) Explain the difference between continuous propagation and salutatory prorogation. (3pts) Which one occurs on interneurons (1pt)? Why (1pt)?  . Describe the functional and structural classifications of neurons (3pts). Are unipolar neurons in a tissue sample of the PNS going to be motor or sensory?(.5) Why?(.5) Are interneurons going to be myelinated? (.5) Why?(.5) Explain in detail the events occurring in the picture at the defined steps. What are the steps called, what gates are involved, what ions are involved, where does it occur on the neuron? (each step is 1 pt). Explain Step 1, 2, 3, 4,5