We have recently discovered that Mars, like Earth, experiences periods of glaciation, or ice ages.  To understand how this might impact the ability for humans to survive long-term on Mars, scientists at NASA are developing models to understand glaciation events on Mars.  What is a model and why are they useful?  

Which picture best represents a pure element?

The freezing point of water is _______ on the Celsius temperature scale.

The Chinese company also claims that they have developed a heat engine that can collect thermal energy during the Martian day and convert 100% of that thermal energy into electrical energy to be stored in batteries.  How do you respond to this claim and what Law does it refer to?

The density of bromine is 3.12 g/cm3. What is the mass of 155 mL of bromine? (Hint: density = mass/volume)

A sample of metal has a mass of 0.0049 g. What is this mass in milligrams? (Hint: 1 g = 1000 mg)

With reference to Question 20, which Laws of Thermodynamics does each part of this statement refer to?

Within an energy level, the _______ orbital is the lowest in energy.

After testing and refining ideas, scientists often develop a model that explains why things behave, as they do, and predicts what will happen in the future. This type of model is best referred to as a _______.

An atom gain 2 valence electrons (e-) resulting in a configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p8.  The identity of this ion is _______.