If there is a chronic volume overload on the heart, what is the expected change in cardiac morphology?

A child developed heart failure very early in life, ultimately leading to death at age 2 1/2 years. The opened heart from the autopsy is displayed. Anatomically, what part of this diseased heart is the primary cause of the heart failure?

A biopsy is taken from the heart of a teenager with heart failure of unknown etiology. Based upon the biopsy, what is the most likely diagnosis of those listed?

The images are of LV volume-pressure loops. Assume that the normal LV volume-pressure loop is depicted in panel A. Which panel represents increased afterload?

A 4 yo boy with a history of seizures and cognitive delays comes to the physician for follow-up. His history is also significant for infantile spasms during the first year of life with abnormal EEG. An MRI of the brain is performed and the patient is noted to have multiple hamartomas in the cortical structures of the brain. A periventricular mass is also noted. Physical examination of the patient reveals hypomelanotic, elliptic macules distributed throughout the trunk and angiofibromas on malar regions of the face (adenoma sebaceum). This patient is most at risk for which of the following conditions?

A 60 year-old man presents to the UF Health Emergency Department with sudden onset “vice-like” chest pain, diaphoresis, and pain radiating to his left shoulder. He has ST elevations on his EKG and elevated cardiac enzymes. Concerning his current pathophysiology, what would be the expected changes seen in this patient?

Which one of the following evaluations is NOT part of the initial risk stratification of a patient with an acute coronary syndrome?

QUESTION 3 Answer both parts of the question 3.1 Why were the European powers able to avoid war over the ‘scramble for Africa’? (10)

1.2 To what extent were the Boer Wars responsible for Britain’s decision to end its policy of ‘splendid isolation’? (20)

Answer both parts of TWO of the three questions provided.