22.  Descending motor neurons of the cortico-spinal pathway originating in the motor        homunculus (SM), synapse with?  Hint:  “dorsal in-ventral out” a.   motor neurons in the dorsal horns of the spinal cordb.    motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cordc.    visceral motor neurons of the autonomic nervous systemd.    cranial nerves going to the face & heade.    MNJ of visceral organs  

10.  Four of the five items listed below are detected by chemoreceptors?  What item listed below        is NOT detected by chemoreceptors? a.   pH and CO2 levels in cerebrospinal fluidb.    blood glucose levelsc.    pH, O2 and CO2 levels in arterial bloodd.    blood pressure changes in the carotid arterye.   insulin levels secreted by the pancreas

36. Which organs below are NOT innervated by the “splanchnic nerves” (digestive) of the       sympathetic NS.? a.    stomach & spleenb.    liver & spleenc.    pancreas & gall bladderd.    gall bladder & livere.    kidneys, bladder & reproductive organs

32. Increased parasympathetic stimulation? a.   increases heart rate during stressb.    increases salivation, gastric motility, digestion & energy conservationc.    causes sweat glands to release sweat during stressd.    causes blood vessels in the skin & digestive organs to constrict to allow more blood to flow to the brain & skeletal muscle during excitemente.    causes pupils to dilate to let more light in  

15. The sensory homunculus in the sensory cortex allows us to distinguish between sensations       that originate in different areas of the body because? a.   sensory neurons carry both sensory and motor information to the sensory cortexb.    sensory neurons from each body region reach specific areas of sensory cortexc.    all incoming sensory information is first assessed by the hypothalamusd.    sensory neurons from each body region reach specific areas of motor cortex         e.    the sensory neurons in different parts of the body reach the cerebellum

28. What nerve provides approximately 75% of all parasympathetic control to visceral organs? a.   vagus nerveb.    phrenic nervec.    splinal nerved.    cranial nerve Xe.    a & d

2.  Destruction or damage to a motor neuron in the somatic nervous system (SM) produces? a.   the inability to detect a stimulus such as feeling or temperatureb.    a subconscious response to a stimulationc.    paralysis of the visceral organ served by the motor unitd.    loss of voluntary control or paralysis of the skeletal muscle affectede.    numbness or pain due to stimulation of somatic sensory pathways

24.  Name the pathway that provides a rapid, most direct mechanism to voluntarily control        skeletal muscles to the limbs below the level of the head? a.   cortico-spinal tractsb.    cortico-bulbar  tractsc.    vestibule-spinal tractsd.    tecto-spinal tractse.    reticulo-spinal tracts

33. Pre-ganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are called “pre-ganglionic” because they? a.    are found in the motor nuclei of the brainb.    are found in dorsal gray horns of the spinalc.    come off of the thalamus and go to the sensory cortexd.    lead into the autonomic ganglia of the autonomic nervous systeme.    they are a part of the neuron that comes from the cerebrum  

8.  Four of the five receptors listed below are tactile receptors located in the epidermis (not in      the dermis).  What receptors listed below are NOT tactile receptors located in the epidermis? a.   Meissner’s Corpuscles in the superficial skinb.    free nerve endings of the cornea of the eyec.    crude touch receptors deep in the dermisd.    Merkel’s Discs in the superficial skine.    free nerve endings of the skin surface