The students in Dr. Brown’s Introduction to Psychology class took four separate fifteen-question quizzes on the course content every week for 16 weeks (a total of 960 practice questions completed). The students in Dr. Michel’s class waited until two days before the final exam to start studying. Over those two days, they did the same total number of practice questions as those in Dr. Brown’s class (960). You would expect the students in Dr. ________ class to perform better on the final exam because ________________.

Patrice is a collegiate basketball player. Many athletes, including Patrice, show activation of the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration all increase) right before they start to play a game. One season, Patrice hears a song while studying. The song doesn’t lead to any changes in her physiology the first time she hears it, but she decides that she’s always going to listen to this same song right before her games that season. After the season is over, the song once again comes on while Patrice is studying, and she’s surprised to find that as soon as she hears the song, her heart rate and breathing rate suddenly increase just like they typically would right before a basketball game. In this example of classical conditioning, the song is the:

The nurse is observing a student nurse giving ear drops to an adult patient who has an infection in their left ear. The nurse will intervene if the student:

The nurse overhears a prescriber talking about a medication that can change the color of the irises of the eyes from hazel to brown. The nurse knows the medication that the prescriber is discussing is:

Jada lives in a one-bedroom apartment. The person who lives above Jada constantly listens to music turned up very loud when Jada is trying to sleep. Jada thinks this incredibly annoying and has troubling sleeping because of the music. Jada finds that if she turns on the fan in her room, the white noise created by the fan removes her ability to hear the annoying music upstairs. Over time Jada becomes more and more likely to sleep with the fan on because of this fact. This would be an example of what type of operant conditioning?

Theo is trying to decide which of two types of motorcycle to buy. Initially he rates the two types as being pretty much the same. On a scale of 1-100 (with 100 being the best), he rates Motorcycle A as a 75 and Motorcycle B as a 70. He then reads an article that says that Motorcycle A has many mechanical flaws that make it likely to constantly need expensive maintenance. This causes his rating of Motorcycle A to shift dramatically down to a 50. He shows the article to a friend of his who is a motorcycle expert. The friend laughs and says that everything in the article is completely false and that the author of the article is known to hate Motorcycle A. This makes Theo feel a bit better about Motorcycle A. He changes his rating of Motorcyle A again, now up to a 65. The fact that Theo’s final rating of Motorcycle A (rating = 65) doesn’t return to what it was before he learned the false information (rating = 75) is consistent with what decision-making issue?

Catherine is a clinical psychologist interested in the relationship between video game playing and symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Catherine randomly recruits 400 9-year-old children. She asks each child’s parent/guardian to fill out two surveys. In the first survey, they are asked to indicate how many hours their child spends playing video games each week. In the second survey, they are asked to indicate whether or not their child exhibits 20 possible behaviors associated with ADHD. For each child, Catherine plots their number of hours of reported game play against the number of behaviors associated with ADHD that they show. When she does this, she ends up with the following graph: Catherine’s data plot shows what type of relationship between video game hours and symptoms of ADHD?

Patrick has horrible back pain. He finds though that when he goes to a Yoga class in the morning, the back pain he experiences during the day is significantly reduced (i.e., is taken away). Over time, because of this, he becomes more and more likely to attend Yoga class. This would be an example of what type of operant conditioning?

The nurse is providing education to a patient taking ferrous sulfate. What information will the nurse include in their teaching?

Brenda and Kari are teammates on their college soccer team. They’ve been playing soccer together since elementary school. Brenda knows that Kari always tries as absolute hard as she can when she’s playing. Kari never slacks off. When the conference championship game arrives, Kari has a very bad ankle injury. During the game, a ball is hit past Kari and she’s not able to keep up with the opposing player who easily beats her to the ball. The opposing player then scores a goal that wins the game. If a fan fell victim to the fundamental attribution error, they would likely assuming that __________, which is a ________ attribution.