During open common bile duct exploration the surgeon requests an agent to relax the sphincter of Oddi. Which agent would you give?

A 22-year-old with no known medical history presents for knee arthroscopy. You notice scleral icterus, and on interview the patient reports general fatigue over the past 3 days and right upper quadrant pain. Labs show AST 950 and ALT 1100. You decide to:

A patient reports shoulder pain on the first postoperative day after laparoscopic surgery. Which best explains the cause and an effective intervention?

A patient with resistant hypertension, a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, and a metabolic alkalosis has a diagnosis of Conn Syndrom is scheduled for surgery. Which anesthetic considerations apply? (Select 2 of 4)

A patient with adrenal insufficiency is scheduled for surgery. Which induction agent should be avoided?

You are planning the anesthetic for a totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass using an endoaortic occlusion balloon. Which are essential elements of your plan? (Select 2 of 4)

Two minutes after Veress needle insertion and the start of insufflation, BP falls to 70/40, SpO₂ drops to 85%, and EtCO₂ falls from 38 to 12 mmHg. Breath sounds are equal bilaterally with normal peak airway pressures, and there is no crepitus. After calling for help, which sequence is most appropriate?

During a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, a hemodynamically stable patient develops a pneumothorax that the surgeon confirms followed CO₂ tracking through a diaphragmatic defect. The most appropriate management is:

Which combination of genotypes would express the same phenotype in a simple, Mendelian system?

What is the probability of two parents with the genotypes QQ and Qq having an offspring of the genotype qq?