True or false: Eukaryotic cells need additional molecules, called transcription factors, to bind to a promoter sequence before transcription can begin.

The following is a segment of a DNA strand. Identify the mRNA sequence that would result from transcription of this segment. Be sure to label both ends of the strand as well as identify the sequence of the strand. 5′ – AAGTGACCTTGAC – 3′ 3′ – TTCACTGGAACTG – 5′

The following image show a gel at the end of gel electrophoresis. Well 1 was filled with a control, the exact DNA sequence we are looking for. Wells 3 and 5 were filled with DNA extracted from two different samples. Which of these samples contains the DNA sequence we are looking for? Choose all that apply.     [Image ID: Gel with 6 wells, 3 used. Well 1 contains control. Well 3 contains Sample 1. Well 5 contains Sample 2. Bars are seen on the gel in 3 areas: top, middle, bottom. Well 1 shows only middle bar, Well 3 shows middle and bottom, Well 5 shows top and bottom.]

DNA packing, X inactivation, and DNA chemical modification all affect gene expression by affecting the DNA chromosome itself. Explain a) what effect these have on the DNA chromosome (in general, no need to explain all three in detail) and b) how this effect regulates gene expression.

Identify the three steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. Along with listing each step you should also explain what occurs during each step.

DNA technology uses what type of protein to produce fragments of DNA with predictable sequences at their ends?

The following is a segment of a DNA strand. Identify the mRNA sequence that would result from transcription of this segment. Be sure to label both ends of the strand as well as identify the sequence of the strand. 5′ – ATGGCATAGACTG – 3′ 3′ – TACCGTATCTGAC – 5′

In the eukaryotic cell, a single DNA sequence can produce multiple different proteins. A transcription product from this sequence is cut into fragments, with certain fragments retained and glued back together while other fragments are left out. This is an example of what type of gene regulation?

The process by which a bacterial cell engulfs a DNA fragment from the environment, and incorporates the fragments into its own chromosome is known as what?

In eukaryotic cells, once translation has completed the final product must sometimes undergo additional changes in order to be fully functional. Some of these changes include additional folding, removal and/or reattachment of certain portions of the product, and addition of other molecules to the product. This is an example of what type of gene regulation?