In pea plants, round (R) seeds are dominant to wrinkled (r) seeds. A parent homozygous for round seeds is crossed with a parent homozygous for wrinkled seeds. If a plant from the F1 generation is backcrossed to the parent with wrinkled seeds, what is the proportion of the offspring that will have wrinkled seeds? (Assume 100% penetrance and complete dominance)

A recently found martian family is under study. According to early studies, it was found that D (dextral) is dominant to d (sinistral). The mother and her brother, both have genotype Dd and are sinistral. The father of the family (not their father, but the mother’s husband) is dextral, with the genotype dd. All of their offspring are dextral. What best explains this event?  

In a bacterial culture that you are investigating, you find that there are multiple genes next to a promoter. What would likely happen if RNA polymerase binds to that promoter?

Assuming 100% penetrance, what is the most likely mode of inheritance shown in the pedigree below? 

Rats fed with a protein-reduced diet during pregnancy resulted in permanent changes in the expression of several genes due to the methylation of specific cytosines during the F1 and the F2 generation. Would this be considered an epigenetic change?

The following two genotypes are crossed: Aa Bb Cc x AA bb Cc. What will be the proportion of AA Bb cc among the progeny of this cross? 

Rats fed with a protein-reduced diet during pregnancy resulted in permanent changes in the expression of several genes due to the methylation of specific cytosines during the F1 and the F2 generation. Would this be considered an epigenetic change?

The consensus sequence AAUAAA is required for accurate cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs. What would happen if you delete this consensus sequence?

The presence of a beard on some goats is a sex-influenced characteristic determined by an allele at an autosomal locus Bb. In males, this allele is dominant and in females this allele is recessive. If you cross a homozygous bearded male with a heterozygous beardless female, what are the expected phenotypes for males and females?

Which of the following are important characteristics for eukaryotic gene control?