In regions where deserts are expanding, ________ is said to be occurring.

The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of ________.

Once a hurricane makes landfall, it ________.

Oceanic crust is mainly basaltic in composition; the mantle is more like the igneous rock peridotite in chemical composition.

A ________ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform.

The coldest atmospheric temperatures are found ________.

Rock cleavage or slaty cleavage in slates is largely a consequence of abundant, parallel-aligned, very fine-grained mica flakes in the rock.

When caves on opposite sides of a headland unite, a(n) ________ results.

How do geologists usually assign numerical dates to sedimentary layers?

If an initially irregular coastline remains relatively stable, it will become ________ over time.