Stages of contingency management include ______.

In active avoidance training, the subject is trained to ______.

Jane was walking down the street with her friend Joe. Suddenly, a dog came up and bit Joe on the leg resulting in blood going everywhere. As a result, Jane now is extremely afraid of dogs. This is an example of ______.

Which of the following is part of Mackintosh’s view of conditioning?

In Pavlov’s theory of conditioning, the conditioned response is ______.

The specified relationship between behavior and reinforcement is called ______.

When a small reward is less effective than it would normally be because of past experiences with a large reward, this is called ______.

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine. On his first pull, he wins $1. On his second pull, he wins nothing; on his third pull, he wins nothing, and on his fourth pull, he wins a dollar. Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?

In general, increasing the severity of the aversive events ______.

Overshadowing, blocking, and predictiveness phenomena have been explained by the ______.