What will be the result when the following code is executed? def main():  num1 = 1  num2 = 2  print(str_loop(num1, num2), ‘,’, str(num1+num2), sep=”) def str_loop(n1, n2):  for j in range(1, 3):    for k in range(1, 3):      n1 += 1    n2 += 1  return str(n1 + n2)

A supermarket has a foods table with columns category and quantity. The manager wants to see the total quantity for each category (e.g., Fruit, Vegetables). Which query should they run? SELECT category, SUM(quantity) FROM foods GROUP BY category SELECT SUM(quantity) FROM foods SELECT category, quantity FROM foods ORDER BY category SELECT * FROM foods GROUP BY category Answer: SELECT category, SUM(quantity) FROM foods GROUP BY category Explanation: GROUP BY organizes rows into groups based on category, and SUM(quantity) aggregates the total for each group. Using only SUM(quantity) would return one grand total, not per category. Ordering by category does not summarize values, and SELECT * … GROUP BY is invalid without aggregates.

In at least 3 sentences, discuss Porter’s Five Forces Model.

Since the early 1980’s occupational infections among HCP have declined because of what?  Select all that apply                                              

A university stores student information in a table called students. The registrar wants to list students who are not from New York. Which query should be used? SELECT * FROM students WHERE city = ‘New York’ SELECT * FROM students WHERE NOT city = ‘New York’ SELECT * FROM students WHERE city ‘New York’ SELECT * FROM students WHERE city != ‘New York’ Answer: SELECT * FROM students WHERE NOT city = ‘New York’ Explanation: Using NOT before the condition excludes records that match New York. and != are valid alternatives in some SQL dialects, but NOT is the most universally clear and correct given the teaching context. Simply using = would only return New York, not exclude it.

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old admitted this morning with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and a new diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The patient’s mother has been crying some today and has asked some of the same questions multiple times. The nurse recognizes her response as…

An online shop has a products table. The name field is required for every product. Which constraint should be applied? DEFAULT NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY Answer: NOT NULL Explanation: The NOT NULL constraint ensures the field must always contain a value. UNIQUE prevents duplicates but still allows blanks, PRIMARY KEY applies to identifiers, and DEFAULT provides a preset value but does not enforce presence.

The balancing equation is expressed as: 

An HR team has an employees table and a departments table. They want a list of all employees, showing their department name if available. SELECT employees.name, departments.dept_name FROM employees LEFT JOIN departments ON employees.dept_id = departments.dept_id; What happens to employees without a department assignment? They are excluded They appear, but dept_name is NULL They appear, and SQL auto-fills dept_name as “Unassigned” They appear multiple times, one for each department Answer: They appear, but dept_name is NULL Explanation: A LEFT JOIN ensures all employees show up, even those without matching departments, with NULLs for missing data.

A sales manager wants to know the total revenue from the orders table, which has a column called order_amount. Which SQL function should they use? SELECT COUNT(order_amount) FROM orders SELECT SUM(order_amount) FROM orders SELECT AVG(order_amount) FROM orders SELECT MAX(order_amount) FROM orders Answer: SELECT SUM(order_amount) FROM orders Explanation: SUM adds up all the values in a column, which is what’s needed for total revenue. COUNT would only return how many orders exist, AVG would give the average order size, and MAX would only show the largest single order.