People with difficult goals outperform people with easy goals. This is so because people with difficult goals show greater:

____ can be understood as the psychological state that results when an individual expects that life’s outcomes are uncontrollable.

Can people develop a greater growth mindset?

The experience of cognitive dissonance is psychologically aversive. To reduce dissonance, people often:

A(n) _______ is the personal tendency to explain why bad events happen to the self by using attributions that are unstable and controllable.

Self-perception theory is more applicable to situations in which people’s attitudes are initially _, while cognitive dissonance theory is more applicable to situations in which people’s attitudes are initially _.

A goal is:

People with a ________ mindset exert more effort, feel more alert, value the experience more, and cope and perform better when they strive with vigilance (rather than with eagerness).

Strong self-efficacy beliefs are associated with all of the following except:

The following question represents which motivational construct: “If things start to go wrong during my performance, do I have the resources within me to cope successfully and turn things around for the better?