During DNA replication _____________________.

How many amino acids are coded for in the following mRNA strand? AAA AUA AUG CGG CCC CAC AAA UGA AAA CCC CAG

Short answer Some physical and chemical methods of control work by denaturing microbes’ proteins. Describe what it means for a protein to be denatured (hint: what does this do to a protein regarding its structure, what kinds of chemical bonds are involved, and what does this do to the protein’s ability to function). Why can protein denaturation kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms? Give one example of a physical method of control and one example of a chemical method of control that denatures proteins.

Which of the following is true regarding UV radiation?

What is the MIC of the antibiotic tested in the tube dilution experiment below? (grey = growth)

Neuraminidase inhibitors, such as Tamiflu®, inhibit which stage of the influenza virus replication cycle?

Case study Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative facultative anaerobic bacterium that can cause pneumonia, urinary tract, and bloodstream infections in people with weakened immune systems. Even in healthy people, P. aeruginosa can cause eye infections in those using extended-wear contact lenses and skin rashes after exposure to hot tubs and swimming pools that have not been treated with recommended levels of chlorine. This bacterium readily forms biofilms and has been known to acquire genes from unrelated bacteria within the biofilm. This genetic transfer has been detected to occur within biofilms found in hospital plumbing systems.   P. aeruginosa’s life in a biofilm is an example of

Choose all that apply: Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance is true?

Which of the following are organic molecules that help enzymes catalyze reactions?

Strong selective pressure that encourages the growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria includes: