ATP synthase adds phosphate groups to ADP molecules in a process that is fueled by chemiosmosis. The proton gradient for this process is produced by a number of redox reactions, ending in the production of water from oxygen gas. This is an example of what type of phosphorylation?

In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase removes coenzyme A from succinyl-CoA. In the process, a phosphate group is added to the intermediate and is ultimately transferred to a ADP molecule, producing ATP as a by-product. This is an example of what type of phosphorylation?

Which of the following is true of cyclic electron flow within the photosystems? Choose all that apply.

Which of the following utilizes oxidative phosphorylation? Choose all that apply.

The reactants of a chemical reaction have a total energy of 262 kJ/mol while the products have a total energy of 172 kJ/mol. What is the overall energy of the reaction? Include units. [freeenergy] Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic?  [reactiontype] Will this reaction occur spontaneously? Yes or no. [spontaneity] 

What structure binds animal cells tightly together into a waterproof layer of tissue?

Which of the following is the first stage of cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide?

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

Explain in your own words the process by which eukaryotic cells ended up with mitochondria and chloroplasts according to endosymbiont theory. Then identify the three evidences that support this theory.

The cytoskeletal component responsible for amoeboid movement in certain cell types is known as what?