A 6-year-old male is brought to his pediatrician’s office with chickenpox. He has had symptoms for one week, and his mother is concerned about the patient’s 8-year-old sister because she had a long, painful chickenpox infection 2 years prior. Of note, the patient was not vaccinated against chickenpox because his parents did not think it was a serious enough virus to warrant the pain of the injection.   After his recovery from chickenpox, which lymphocytes will keep this patient from becoming infected again? 

B cells are found in high numbers in circulating blood. 

Specific immunity involves creating memory lymphocytes.

Which test is especially good for bacteria that are not readily cultivated in the lab?

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ________.

A 16-year-old male with a low-grade fever, and large and painful red sores around his lips is being evaluated at a pediatric clinic. He has a PCR test pending that was swabbed from the sores, as well as a blood culture with Gram stain, and nasopharyngeal specimen for microscopic examination.   What kind of data will the PCR results provide? 

Gamma globulin can be given as immunotherapy to confer artificial passive immunity.

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for ________.

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?

A 16-year-old male with a low-grade fever, and large and painful red sores around his lips is being evaluated at a pediatric clinic. He has a PCR test pending that was swabbed from the sores, as well as a blood culture with Gram stain, and nasopharyngeal specimen for microscopic examination.   Analysis of the laboratory samples yield a diagnosis of herpes simplex virus. The patient’s mother is upset, as she does not believe her son is sexually active. The nurse explains that the presence of HSV does not imply sexual contact and provides education about the accuracy of the results. Which of the following is the best rationale for confidence in the diagnosis?