A 16-year-old girl with shortness of breath and cough is seen in the emergency room. She has been sick for four days and is gradually feeling more short of breath. She has a history of seasonal allergies but has never been short of breath. On physical examination, she is afebrile. Her blood pressure is 100/70. Her heart rate is 98. Her respiratory rate is 24. On auscultation of the lungs, the physician hears a continuous expiratory sound. This is most likely which of the following sounds?

The pleuropericardial membranes give rise in part to the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal pleura. What structures are located between these two structures?

The respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) develops as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut. As a result, the cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissue components of the trachea and lungs are derived from what source?

A 10-day old infant presents to his pediatrician for a regularly scheduled well-child check with increased work of breathing and respiratory distress. On physical exam, the infant was found to have decreased breath sounds on one side of his chest. His physician ordered a chest x-ray that showed a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. What side of the chest was most likely found to have reduced breath sounds, and what is the embryologic origin of the tissues that failed to form correctly in this infant in-utero?

Based on the pulmonary function tests, what is the most likely diagnosis?  

A 65-year-old man undergoes lung cancer screening. What Lung-RADS category would he receive?  

Identify the structure at the tip of the black arrow.  

A newborn boy has difficulty breathing and requires intubation. However, the tracheal tube keeps slipping from the airway to the esophagus. What embryologic issue has led to this problem?

Identify the muscle fibers at the tip of the black arrow.  

Which of the following is not involved in the formation of the highlighted structure?