The agar deeps below were inoculated with unknown strains of bacteria which were added to agar that had been cooled to just above turning solid, mixed, and then poured into the test tubes. Following incubation, growth was observed as shown. Please match the label of each tube (i.e., A, B, C, D, or E) with the type of growth observed in the tube.

We are increasingly understanding how an individual human being can be considered a walking ecosystem harboring an enormous diversity of microbes! If you were to analyze all the microbes in and on your body, you would most likely be able to find representatives of which of the following types of organisms? Please choose all that apply.

They theory of spontaneous generation, disproven by the work of researchers such as Louis Pasteur, stated that living organisms could ______.

Optional Extra Credit: When writing this exam, I attempted to effectively cover material that we have learned this quarter. But with the limitations of a 2 hour exam, you have assuredly studied and learned a lot more than I could possibly cover in this exam! Please consider a topic you reviewed that I didn’t ask you about on this exam, and tell me about that topic here! Please don’t stress – this is your chance to show me you learned something from this course by telling me about it – i.e., this is meant to be a very gentle last question on this exam! 🙂 If you can’t think of anything you studied that I didn’t cover, or you think I covered everything, please instead just pick any topic you learned well and briefly explain it to me. Please write a minimum of a short paragraph (4-5 sentences) explaining your single topic in complete sentences (not bullet points). You may of course go longer if you wish and have time.

Following from the previous question, researchers can grow T. denitrificans in lab using thiosulfate as an electron donor, nitrate as an electron acceptor, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-) as the sole source of carbon, which it incorporates using a reductive (reverse) TCA cycle. Under these conditions, T. denitrificans is growing ______ as a ______.

You discover a new single-celled organism! Upon conducting a chemical analysis, you confirm that it does not contain any peptidoglycans. From this information, you can best conclude which of the following?

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of foodborne gastroenteritis, responsible for between 400-500 million cases annually worldwide. Chemotaxis in C. jejuni has been shown to play an important role in colonization of the intestinal tract and is therefore an important part of the pathogenesis process for this species. A mutant lacking flagella is discovered. Which of the following would best describe this mutant relative to the wild type C. jejuni?

Following from the previous two questions, imagine you set up two cultures of T. denitrificans and measured the growth of each with a spectrophotometer. You provide both cultures with thiosulfate as an electron donor and sodium bicarbonate as the sole source of carbon. In culture A, you provide oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. In culture B, you provide nitrate (NO3-) as a terminal electron acceptor. Which of the following would you predict best describes the growth of these two cultures?

Genetically engineering a strain of bacteria to make cells unable to produce flagella would most likely ______.

Labrys methylaminiphilus grows on the organic single carbon compound methylamine, CH3NH2, produced during putrefaction as a result of the breakdown of proteins. As such, it can be found growing in sediments at the bottom of lakes. You perform an enrichment culture in the hopes of isolating species of Labrys from a sample of lake sediment. Following growth in your final liquid transfer, it would be best to inoculate samples of your culture onto media in Petri dishes containing methylamine plus any of the following EXCEPT ______.