Hypovolemic shock may be caused by which of the following: a. overwhelming infection.b. severe allergic reaction.c. excess fluid loss.d. heart failure.

All of the following are nursing actions to be taken after the preoperative medication has been given: “Select All that Apply.” a. Keep side rails in up position at all times.b. Complete the preoperative checklist.c. Have the consent form signed and witnessed.d. Apply an abdominal binder.e. Perform all preoperative teaching and ask for return demonstration. 

A first-day post-operative patient who has had an open cholecystectomy has a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of hydromorphone (Demerol) ordered for her pain control.  She states, “I am afraid to use it for fear of overdosing myself.”  The most appropriate response by the nurse would be: a. “The PCA pump is actually quite safe and the nurses will carefully monitor for overdose.”b. “There is a lock-out mechanism, which is a safeguard, to prevent inadvertent overdosage.”c. “Statics show that less than 1% of clients overdose using the PCA pump.”d. “Just relax and don’t worry about overdosing.  You will be fine.”

What nursing interventions will minimize the effects of venous stasis? a. Pillows under knee in position of comfort.b. Sitting flat with feet on floor.c. Early ambulation.d. Gentle leg massage.

Your client is having incisional pain on her second postoperative day. She was medicated an hour ago.  Which of the following noninvasive nursing interventions will best aid in decreasing her pain at this time? a. Change her position and give her a backrub.b. Assist her in range-of-motion exercises.c. Give her an injection of hydromorphone (Demerol) as ordered.d. Explain to her that she has just been medicated and to try to relax.

Your client is developing symptoms of respiratory alkalosis related to an anxiety attack. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? a. make sure his oxygen is being administered as ordered.b. have him breathe into a paper bag.c. place him in a semi-Fowler’s position.d. administer sodium bicarbonate IV stat.

A client complains of pain in the upper thighs due to a bladder infection.  This type of pain is called: a. recurring pain.b. referred pain.c. psycogenic.d. radiohumeral pain.

A client has respiratory acidosis related to chronic lung disease. Which of the following problems is the cause? a. hyperventilationb. hypoventilationc. loss of acid by kidneysd. loss of base by kidneys

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: for questions #22-28, provide a short answer in the box provided. Keep your answers succinct (eg, a short list or 2-4 complete sentences).

**NOTE: questions 30-32 relate to the SAME horse** A horse rescue organization has asked you for some nutritional advice on a recently surrendered horse that needs to gain some weight. After evaluating Needsomegroceries, you score his body condition at 3.5 on the 1-9 BSC scale. If you wanted to increase this horse’s BCS to a 5.0, what is the minimum number of days that would be needed to do this safely? Enter your numerical answer in the box below (no unit of measure is required — it is assumed to be days).