Questions 54 and 55 refer to the following excerpt. “The Moral Majority, Christian Voice, and other groups of the 1970s and 1980s had a far broader issue agenda than their predecessors. The core agenda involved opposition to abortion, civil rights protection for gays and lesbians, and the ERA [Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution, which would have guaranteed equal rights for women], and support for school prayer and tuition tax credits for religious schools. But the organizations staked positions on a variety of other issues as well. [Jerry] Falwell . . . consistently supported increases in defense spending. The Moral Majority Report, the organization’s newsletter, attempted to build support for conservative economic issues as well, including a subminimum wage, a return to the gold standard, and cuts in social welfare spending.” – Clyde Wilcox, historian, 2003   Question: The position on defense spending advocated by the Moral Majority and similar groups during the 1980s indicates that they would have been most likely to support the

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following map.    Question:  The image best serves as evidence that many Native American groups had developed farming techniques that

Questions 8 – 11 refer to the following excerpt. “We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . “We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. “In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.” – Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775   Question: The issuing of the declaration in the excerpt best serves as evidence of the 

Questions 12 – 14 refer to the following excerpt. “As its preamble promised, the Constitution would ‘ensure domestic tranquility’ by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would ‘establish justice’ by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts. . . . Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government.” – Woody Holton, historian, “‘From the Labours of Others’: The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England,” William and Mary Quarterly, 2004   Question: Which of the following issues did the framers of the United States Constitution most directly address?

Questions 38 – 40 refer to the following excerpt. “We must have tax reform. The method of raising revenue ought not to impede the transaction of business; it ought to encourage it. I am opposed to extremely high rates, because they produce little or no revenue, because they are bad for the country, and, finally, because they are wrong. We cannot finance the country, we cannot improve social conditions, through any system of injustice, even if we attempt to inflict it upon the rich. Those who suffer the most harm will be the poor. . . . The wise and correct course to follow in taxation and all other economic legislation is not to destroy those who have already secured success but to create conditions under which everyone will have a better chance to be successful.” – President Calvin Coolidge, inaugural address, 1925   Question: Members of which of the following groups would have been most likely to agree with the perspective expressed by Coolidge in the excerpt?

Questions 48 – 50 refer to the following excerpt. “One of the tragedies of the struggle against racism is that up to now there has been no national organization which could speak to the growing militancy of young black people in the urban ghetto. There has been only a civil rights movement whose tone of voice was adapted to an audience of liberal whites. It served as a sort of buffer zone between them and angry young blacks. . . . “An organization which claims to speak for the needs of a community—as does the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee—must speak in the tone of that community, not as somebody else’s buffer zone. . . . “The need for psychological equality is the reason why SNCC today believes that blacks must organize in the black community. Only black people can convey the revolutionary idea that black people are able to do things themselves. Only they can help create in the community an aroused and continuing black consciousness that will provide the basis for political strength.” – Stokely Carmichael, “What We Want,” 1966   Question: The ideas expressed in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following perspectives at the time?

Questions 5 – 7 refer to the following excerpt. “We . . . the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign lord, King James, . . . having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic . . . and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [proper] and convenient for the general good of the colony unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.” – The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of the Plymouth colony, 1620   Question: Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the document from which the excerpt was taken?

Questions 5 – 7 refer to the following excerpt. “We . . . the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign lord, King James, . . . having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic . . . and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [proper] and convenient for the general good of the colony unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.” – The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of the Plymouth colony, 1620   Question: Participation in the “civil body politic” referenced in the excerpt would have been most available to which of the following?

Questions 28 – 30 refer to the following excerpt. “Formerly the individual was the pioneer of civilization; now, the railroad is the pioneer, and the individual follows, or is only slightly in advance. . . . The wild roses are blooming today, and the sod is yet unturned. . . where, in a year or two will be heard the screech of the locomotive and the tramp of the approaching legions, another year will bring the beginning of the change; towns and cities will spring into existence, and the steam whistle and the noise of saws and hammers, and the click and clatter of machinery, the sound of industry will be heard. The prairies will be golden with the ripening harvest, and the field and the forest, the mine and the river, will all yield their abundance to the ever growing multitude.” – George A. Batchelder, A Sketch of the History and Resources of Dakota Territory, 1870   Question: Which of the following was a long-term result of the developments described in the excerpt? 

Questions 21 – 23 refer to the following excerpt. “[I am] commanded to explain to the Japanese that. . . . [the United States] population has rapidly spread through the country, until it has reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean; that we have now large cities, from which, with the aid of steam vessels, we can reach Japan in eighteen or twenty days; [and] that . . . the Japan seas will soon be covered with our vessels. “Therefore, as the United States and Japan are becoming every day nearer and nearer to each other, the President desires to live in peace and friendship with your imperial majesty, but no friendship can long exist, unless Japan ceases to act toward Americans as if they were her enemies. . . . “Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, though they are hourly expected; and [the United States has], as an evidence of [its] friendly intentions . . . brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo [Tokyo] in the ensuing spring with a much larger force.” – Commodore Matthew C. Perry to the emperor of Japan, letter, 1853   Question: The excerpt best supports the conclusion that in the 1850s, the United States government