As Christian influence in Spain spread southward in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,

Although it was Christian from a religious standpoint, the Byzantine Empire did not play a role in spreading Christianity.

Prior to Muhammad beginning to teach his prophecy and his new faith, Arabic peoples

One result of the Crusades was an increase of religious intolerance toward Jews and unorthodox Christians during the High Middle Ages. 

Typically, town charters of the High Middle Ages required townspeople to provide labor and military services to the lord who granted the charter.

Initially a disruptive force, the ___________ played a major role in the creation of new kingdoms and cultural patterns after the decline of the Carolingian Empire.

The Islamic Empire spread rapidly partly because of the excellent Islamic generals and their fanatical soldiers.

Innocent III was the most successful pope during the High Middle Ages because he

Typically, town charters of the High Middle Ages required townspeople to provide labor and military services to the lord who granted the charter.

Having helped lead Byzantium to a successful defense of Constantinople, Emperor Leo III initiated the iconoclast movement to strengthen his control over the Orthodox Church and to