Which patient would benefit MOST from hydrostatic pressure during aquatic therapy?

A physical therapist wants to increase resistance during upper extremity exercise in water without using weights. What is the BEST way to achieve this?

What is the primary reason for using thermotherapy in the treatment of a patient with osteoarthritis?  

A patient with a history of epilepsy is being considered for IFC to treat osteoarthritis-related knee pain. Which precaution should the therapist take?

A patient is 4 weeks post–ACL reconstruction with significant quadriceps atrophy. The patient is cleared for neuromuscular electrical stimulation to assist with strengthening. The physical therapist plans to target the vastus medialis oblique (VMO). Which of the following parameter settings is most appropriate for eliciting a tetanic muscle contraction for strengthening?  

Based on the angle of pull demonstrated in the image above for cervical traction; the area that is BEST being targeted would include:

Which of the following BEST explains the physiological rationale behind muscle hypertrophy observed during blood flow restriction (BFR) training?

A patient who is post-operative ACL reconstruction is referred to physical therapy. The orthopedic surgeon has placed weightbearing and resistance restrictions for the first 6 weeks due to the inclusion of a meniscal repair.  Which of the following is the MOST appropriate reason to include blood flow restriction (BFR) training in the POC?

The physical therapist decides to introduce Instrument-Assisted Fascia Mobilization (IAFM) to address soft tissue restrictions and improve tissue extensibility in a patient. Which of the following scenarios would be a contraindication to applying IAFM?

Patient Name: James M.Occupation: Construction WorkerDiagnosis: Right Quadriceps Muscle Strain (Grade II)Injury Date: 5 days agoReferral: Outpatient PT for pain management and return to function Subjective:James reports a sudden “pulling” sensation in his right thigh while lifting a heavy tool bucket at work. He initially had difficulty walking and now complains of aching pain, stiffness, and weakness, especially when attempting to climb stairs or stand from sitting. His pain is 5/10 with activity and 2/10 at rest. He has no relevant past medical history. Objective: Inspection reveals moderate swelling and ecchymosis over the mid-thigh. AROM: Limited knee extension, with mild pain during active motion. PROM: Mild restriction with end-range discomfort. Strength: 3-/5 for right quadriceps (manual muscle test). Gait: Slight limp, avoids full stance phase on the right leg. No signs of infection or DVT. Skin is intact and sensation is normal. Plan:The physical therapist is considering adding electrical stimulation as part of the plan of care to manage pain and promote healing.  What is the MOST appropriate type of electrical stimulation to address quadriceps weakness during this stage of healing?