Bооk 9 Summаry: Bоok 9 covers the yeаr following Augustine’s conversion. It is divided into аn autobiographical half (what happened in Augustine’s life) and a biographical half (Monica’s life and death). Following a prayer of thanks for his salvation (chapter 1), Augustine records the following events from his first year as a genuine Christian: his decision to finish the current year of teaching duties and then retire from public life (chapters 2–3); his reading program during his summer vacation at a country villa (chapters 4–5); his baptism and the accompanying baptisms of his friend Alypius and his sixteen-year-old son Adeodatus (chapter 6); two landmark events in the church at Milan (chapter 7). Then Augustine turns to a brief biography of his mother. The things that he selected for this thumbnail sketch are the following: Monica’s girlhood addiction to wine, and her abandoning it when someone taunted her about it (chapter 8); her exemplary behavior as wife to a sometimes-difficult husband, and her godly influence in people’s lives (chapter 9); a mystical vision of God and heaven that Augustine shared with his mother five days before her death at the age of fifty-six (chapter 10); his mother’s final hours and death (chapter 11). Two final chapters (12–13) narrate the stages of grief through which Augustine passed following his mother’s death. Commentary: The account of how Augustine decided to resign from teaching is narrated matter-of- factly—almost like an entry in a diary in which the author records the specific events that clustered around a major change in his life. The reconstruction of Augustine’s meditation on Psalm 4 takes us inside the mind of the new convert and thereby lets us get to know him better. The toothache of which Augustine was miraculously cured, the composition of a dialogue on teaching with his very bright son, and the finding of the bodies of two martyrs (accompanied by a miracle of healing) fill out the picture of the life of Augustine in the year following his conversion as recalled a decade later. The portrait of Monica belongs to the genre known as the saint’s life. Monica is here portrayed as a submissive woman who serves others (including her husband) uncomplainingly. This portrait merges imperceptibly with the vision that mother and son experienced in the city of Ostia as the two looked out of a window at a garden below while conversing about what life in heaven will be like. Augustine's New Life and Monica's Death In this vision of God, 'this world with all its delights became worthless' to mother and son.— DR. LELAND RYKEN, PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF ENGLISH What happened to the pair is a classic Platonic ascent from the physical world to a world of abstraction. In this vision of God, “this world with all its delights became worthless” to mother and son. The last five pages of Book 9 narrate Augustine’s emotional journey through the stages of grief over the death of his mother. For Reflection or Discussion: Literary works like the Confessions operate by putting examples before us in the specific form of people and events; we are expected to learn from these examples, either emulating what is good or avoiding what is bad. As readers, we need to exercise the prerogative of deciding (1) what was good or questionable in Augustine’s decision to retire from public life after his conversion (the question of vocation or calling), (2) what was exemplary in the life of Monica as summarized in Book 9, and (3) how to assess Augustine’s handling of his grief after his mother’s death. Have you had wrestlings about vocation in relation to your Christian faith, or visions of God that were landmarks in your spiritual life, or experiences of grief that force you to seek acceptance of death and consolation? Augustine locates the measurement of time within himself despite his perplexity in understanding what time is.— Dr. Leland Ryken, PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF ENGLISH Book 11 The following organizational scheme will provide help in progressing through Book 11: opening invocation to God (chapters 1–2); Augustine’s desire to understand how God created heaven and earth (chapters 3–4); reflections on the fact that God created heaven and earth by his Word (chapters 5–9); digression in which Augustine pays his disrespects to some people’s practice of asking what God did before he created heaven and earth (chapters 10–13); musings on the nature of time, with special emphasis on what we mean by past, present, and future (chapters 14–22); Augustine’s disagreement with the view that the heavenly bodies produce time (chapters 22–24); Augustine locates the measurement of time within himself despite his perplexity in understanding what time is (chapters 25–28); meditation on God’s eternity, beyond time (chapters 29–31). Commentary: Following the cue of a comment that Augustine himself made late in life—that the last three books of Confessions are an exposition of the book of Genesis—commentators regularly claim that Book 11 is an exegesis of Genesis. Genesis 1:1 is Augustine’s only point of departure for a free-floating series of reflections on the topic of time. Some recurrent motifs are interwoven throughout the book: (1) Augustine’s perplexity and accompanying humility as he thinks about his chosen subject of time; (2) Augustine’s approach to time as a series of problems and paradoxes; (3) God’s eternity and transcendence of time. The most helpful aspect of Augustine’s meditation on time is his distinction between time and eternity, and of how time-bound people can relate to the God who is eternal. The great biblical repository on time is the book of Ecclesiastes, which makes excellent collaborative reading for Book 11 of Confessions. The writer of Ecclesiastes, like Augustine, plays with the contrast between time-bound people living “under the sun” and the eternal heavenly realm where God reigns. For Reflection or Discussion: For you personally, what ideas stated in Augustine’s musings on time are most useful? If you were to compose a series of meditations on time, what would be your mainquestions?
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