………........., cаuses vаsоcоnstrictiоn to the аrterioles in renal corpuscula in response to low blood volume and pressure.
Active cоntinentаl mаrgins аre lоcated alоng which type of plate boundary?
At high lаtitudes, the wаter cоlumn is isоthermаl, meaning there is little temperature difference between the tоp and bottom.
1- Whаt аre the 5 “pillаrs оf Islam.” Discuss them fully. This means describing hоw they functiоn in practice when necessary. What are the various functions that the pillar of Haj can serve that were discussed in the materials and in class? 2- The Denshawi incident which pitted the fellaheen (farmers) of the town of Denshawi against a British shooting party has become a central story to the rise of Egyptian anti-colonial nationalism. However, then and now, interpretations have differed as to what happened and what motivated the farmers. Narrate the events at Denshawi, the trial and punishments. Who did the British “blame” for the event? What was the narrative among the elite nationalists? Where did both ironically agree? How has some more recent work complicated the old narratives around the event? What does this tell us about occupier-occupied relations? What do you think this tell us about “social class” relations in Egypt at the time? Even if the Densahawi villagers were not motivated by nationalist sentiments when they confronted the British, based on the knowledge you have accumulated (going back the lecture that discussed the U’rabi Revolution as well as the lecture on Denshawi) did there exist a national consciousness among Egyptian peasants/farmers (the fellaheen)? 3- Who were the Qajar? How did they become the ruling dynasty of Persia/Iran? Despite a seemingly promising start, what factors contributed to the inability of the Qajar to maintain control over the kingdom over the long-run? Discus all the factors How did the situation worsen during the reign of Nasr al-Din Shah? (political, military, religions, economic…)Explain the Tobacco Protests and use to it explain the influence of the ualma. What concession granted by his son proved to be the most damaging to Persia. How did Britain eventually become the real power broker in Iran? Would you consider late Qajar Persia to be a British colony in all but name? justify your answer. 4- What were some of the factors discussed in class that likely led the Ottoman to enter the war of the side of Germany? What were the major fronts on which the Ottomans engaged the allies? Narrate how events unfolded from 1914 to the end of the war (excluding the Arab Revolt.) What was the “Great Massacre” and how is it connected to the Caucus campaign? Why does debate continue about the classification of the event? Why does recent literature lean towards the definition of the event as a “genocide.” MEMORY AID: Places: Mecca – Muhammad’s birth 570Medina – Hijra 622 Ka'baDamascus – Umayyad capitalBaghdad – Abbasid capital 762Constantinople / Istanbul – Ottoman conquest 1453Cairo – Mamluks → Muhammad Ali dynastyVienna – 1683Suez Canal – opened 1869 EgyptBasra, Baghdad, Mosul – Ottoman Iraq provincesErzurum & Sivas – Turkish nationalist congresses 1919Izmir – Greek occupation 1920Tehran – Qajar capital 1796–1925Jerusalem – Palestine Mandate center Important people: Muhammad (570–632)Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, Ali – First Four Caliphs (632–661)Osman I & Orhan – Ottoman founders (1300s)Mehmet II “The Conqueror” – Constantinople (1453)Kara Mustafa – Siege of Vienna (1683)Muhammad Ali Pasha (Egypt, 1805–1848)Ibrahim Pasha (d.1849)Ismail Pasha (Egypt, 1863–1879)Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Sultan, 1876–1909)Khadija (Her Excellency Mother of the Faithful) Fatima Sultan Mehmet II (r. 1451-1481) --> adding the ruling dates Sultan Osman II (r. 1618-1622)--> adding the ruling dates Shiite Ali/Shiites Caliph Uthman (644-656) Bukhari (d. 870) Muslim (d.875) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Turkish independence, 1919–1923) Saad Zaghlul (Egypt, Wafd Party, 1919) Prince Faisal I (King of Iraq, 1921–1933) Hajj Amin al-Husayni (Mufti of Jerusalem, 1921) Sheikh Safi al-Din ?-1334 Sheikh Sadr 1334-1391 Sheikh Ala al-Din Ali 1391-1424 Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Haydar ?-1488 Sultan Ali Mirza 1488-1500 Shah Ismail I 1500-1524 Shah Tahmasp I 1524-1576 Qizilbash factions fight 1578-1587 Shah Abbas I 1587-1629 Shah Husayn 1694-1722 Mahmud Hotaki 1722-1725 Afsharid Shah Nader 1736-1747 Afsharid Shah Shahrokh 1748-1796 Qajar Shah Agha Mohammad 1789-1797 Qajar Shah Fath Ali 1797-1834 Qajar Shah Nasr 1848-1896 Qajar Shah Mozaffar 1896-1906 Qajar Shah Muhammad Ali 1907-1909 Qajar Shah Ahmad 1909-1925 Pahlavi Shah Reza 1925-1941 Treaties: Treaty of Karlowitz – 1699 Treaty of Turkmenchay – 1828 Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane – 1839 Hatt-i Humayun – 1856 Treaty of Berlin – 1878 Armistice of Mudros – 1918 Treaty of Sèvres – 1920 Treaty of Lausanne – 1923 Sykes–Picot Agreement – 1916 Balfour Declaration – 1917 McMahon Correspondence – 1915–1916 Terms: Salat Zakat Sawm (Fasting) Haj Siege of Vienna (1689) Jellali Rebellion (series of conflicts. ~early to mid 17th century) Nationality Law of 1869