DIRECTIONS FOR ANSWERING SHORT ANSWER: Answer the fоllоwing questiоns in complete sentences. Pаrtiаl credit will be given. You should аnswer one question from each block for a total of 2 short answer questions. You are to answer all parts of the one question you choose. BLOCK 2: CHOOSE EITHER QUESTION 1 OR QUESTION 2 OR QUESTION 3 TO ANSWER AND ANSWER ALL PARTS FOR FULL CREDIT (DO NOT ANSWER ALL 3, JUST 1 FROM THIS BLOCK). Make sure you tell me clearly which block and question you are answering. Use complete sentences, partial credit will be given. (10 pts) Question 1: A 25-year-old athlete travels to a high-altitude training camp in Colorado. After a few weeks, blood tests show his hematocrit has increased significantly compared to sea level. He reports no illness and feels well aside from mild shortness of breath during his first few days at altitude. Answer the following questions about the above scenario.A. What is the function of erythrocytes and what component within erythrocytes serves this function? (2pts)B. What situation likely caused the increased hematocrit? (2pts)C. Explain the negative feedback loop involved in regulation of normal hematocrit levels. Include all important organs and hormones involved. (4pts)D. Will his erythrocyte count remain at this higher level? Why or why not? (2pts) Question 2: You are an ED Nurse working the overnight shift on a Friday night. Shortly after 10PM several victims from a multivehicle crash are brought in. All items are bleeding pretty bad and will need immediate transfusion of blood.A. Since this is an emergency and there is no time to do a blood screen, which blood type can you immediately give the incoming patients – if available? (1pt) B. Several of the patients have been stabilized but one is still in need of additional blood. You are told his blood type is B positive (B+). Since the blood bank is running low on several types of blood, list all blood types that could possibly be given to this patient without a negative reaction? (NOTE: the more work you show the more likely you will be to get partial credit) (5pts) C. What blood types are considered the universal donor, and the universal recipient (make sure you tell me which is which) – be specific? (2 pts) D. What characteristics do the above blood types have that make them the universal donor and the universal recipient – be specific? (2 pts) Question 3: Phil, a friend of yours, has recently been diagnosed with Arteriosclerosis (condition in which fatty material collects along the walls of arteries leading to roughened and damaged endothelium) and his doctor has started him on anticoagulant and antihypertensive medications as treatment. Phil understands why he needs to take the antihypertensive medication but he doesn’t understand why he needs anticoagulants. Use your knowledge to help Phil understand. Include in your answer: A. The 2 blood clotting cascades used by our body. (2pts) B. A brief description of what activates each cascade. (4pts) C. Why his blood might clot due to the arteriosclerosis. (2pts) D. 2 mechanisms his body uses naturally to control abnormal, unnecessary blood clots. (2pts) AGAIN - ANSWER ONLY 1 OF THE ABOVE QUESTIONS FOR BLOCK 1
Pleаse uplоаd yоur wоrk for the questions 21, 22, 23, аnd 24 before you leave the exam environment. You can use the webcam to do that. Your hand-writing needs be easy to follow. Please label the questions clearly. If you do not upload your solutions for those questions, you will lose points. P.S. If you experience an issue uploading the questions, please show them to the camera clearly for 10 seconds at least before you leave the exam and then upload them on Canvas under the Exam 2 Submission Box after the exam within 10 minutes of disconnecting from the proctor. P.S. If you have not communicated with your group for the project presentations, please do it ASAP. There are more info about it on the Announcements.