Suppоse yоur tаsk is tо creаte а dataset for open-domain question-answering (ODQA). The dataset should consist of tuples of the form where q is a question such as “Why is the sky bule?” and a is a factually correct answer. For example a true presupposition would address the refraction of sunlight through the atmosphere but a false presupposition would be about light reflecting off the ocean. To avoid extensive manual data creation and control annotation costs, you have identified Reddit as a potential source from which to create this dataset. Reddit contains forums (also called “sub-reddits”) about specific topics such as “Science” or “Explain Like I am Five”. Posts have a tile, which can be a question (“Why is the sky blue”) but also non-questions (“The color of the sky”). After the title, posts have further text by the initial author, which may elaborate on the question but also provide their own attempt at an answer. Others can then reply to the original post. Original posts as well as the responses can be up-voted or down-voted. Familiarize yourself with the Reddit system (for example, https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/). Note the various signals (i.e., user, user karma, title post, post content, comments, votes, etc.) a) In a paragraph or two, explain how you might initially construct question/answer (q, a) dataset using distant-supervision signals available on Reddit. Hint: Explain the signals used and walk through how this helps constructs your (q, a). You should think about edges cases such as: not all posts begin as a question such as "why is the sky blue" and might instead be a statement "The sky is blue because of the ocean", so should address how to convert this to proper (q, a) using available signals. There could also be many (or few) comments, so what might you do. b) Explain how you might address false presuppositions. "The sky is blue because of the ocean" is a false presupposition because this is NOT factually true and might be present as a statement in the post or amongst comments. Simply filtering out questions with false presuppositions is not an option because it reduces the diversity of questions available to the model in the training data. Hint: How might you address this when creating (q, a) or how might you convert (q, a) above into improved (q', a') to rectify. Provide steps. Annotators are available to you, but costly so you want minimize their use, or use them effectively. Note 1: The reliance on advanced generative models such as ChatGPT or similar LLMs for automated fact-checking is not an option in this problem. Note 2: The explainlikeimfive Reddit is whitelisted (i.e. this is a website you can open during the exam).
Mаtch the аpplicаtiоn prоtоcols to the correct transport protocols.