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Select ONE оf the fоllоwing аnd аnswer it in ESSAY FORM: Essаy Question 1: Fate, Free Will, and Divine Power How do ancient texts portray the tension between human choice and divine control? Compare how fate or divine will operates in Egyptian poetry, the Bible, the Qur'an, Oedipus Rex, the Iliad, the Aeneid, and Confessions. To what extent are human beings responsible for their actions, and when are outcomes determined by higher powers? Essay Question 2: Suffering, Guilt, and Moral Responsibility Examine how suffering is explained or justified in at least four of these works. Is suffering portrayed as punishment, testing, fate, or a path to wisdom and redemption? Compare the moral frameworks used in religious texts versus epic and tragic literature, paying close attention to characters who accept responsibility versus those who resist it. Essay Question 3: Symbols of Light, Journey, and Knowledge Many ancient texts rely on recurring symbols such as light, blindness, journeys, exile, or divine signs. Choose one or two major symbols and analyze how they function across Egyptian poetry, the Bible, the Qur’an, Oedipus Rex, the Iliad, the Aeneid, and Confessions. How do these symbols reflect each culture’s understanding of truth, authority, and the human condition? Essay Question 4: The Individual vs. the Community How do these works define the relationship between the individual and society? Compare how personal actions affect families, cities, or entire civilizations. Consider figures such as Oedipus, Achilles, Aeneas, biblical prophets, and Augustine. What responsibilities does the individual owe to the community, and when is personal destiny placed above social obligation? Essay Question 5: The Search for Meaning and Order Across these texts, humans consistently seek meaning in a world shaped by gods, law, tradition, and history. Compare how different cultures explain the purpose of life, justice, and moral order. How do epic heroes, tragic figures, and religious writers attempt to understand their place in the universe, and how do their conclusions differ?